本文選題：酸性土壤 + 土壤改良劑�。� 參考：《浙江大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：最近幾十年,土壤酸化已經成為日益嚴重的問題,引起了廣泛關注,酸性土壤改良也成為當下研究熱點。本研究選取衢州酸性紅壤開展大田試驗。探尋有效改良劑(生物質炭、石灰和有機肥)及其組合用于酸性土壤改良效果,及其對土壤硝化作用和硝化細菌的影響,探究了有機物料(玉米粉和玉米秸稈)加入到三種改良劑處理的土壤(無改良劑處理、小麥秸稈生物質炭處理和有機肥處理)后土壤基礎理化性質(pH和TOC)的變化規(guī)律,比較了土壤pH和物料可用性對改良土壤中細菌群落結構和組成的影響。得到了以下結果:(1)大田試驗探究應用生物質炭、石灰、有機肥及其組合對酸性土壤改良的效果。結果表明,施用改良劑都增加了土壤的pH,其中小麥生物質炭的效果最好,土壤pH增加了約2個單位;混合處理(1/3稻殼生物質炭,1/3石灰和1/3有機肥)約增加了1個單位�？偟膩碚f,改良劑的堿性離子(Ca2+,Mg2+和K+)是土壤pH增加的主要因素,而氮礦化(主要是硝化作用)對pH降低的影響相對較小。(2)不同改良劑對硝化作用及其硝化微生物的研究表明氨氧化古菌(AOA)與氨氧化細菌(AOB)豐度的比率隨著土壤pH的降低而大幅增加,這表明土壤pH是影響AOB豐度的重要因素。高通量MiSeq測序顯示,土壤改良劑的添加顯著地增加了土壤中亞硝化單胞菌屬和硝化螺菌屬的相對豐度。土壤pH是細菌群落組成和多樣性的重要決定因素。綜上所述,改良劑(生物質炭,石灰,有機肥料及其組合)通過土壤pH影響了硝化細菌豐度、多樣性和組成,從而改變土壤硝化作用。(3)玉米粉在不同pH的土壤中(4.63至6.32)礦化速率比玉米秸稈要快,并且在最高pH(6.32)的土壤中礦化最快。在加入玉米粉(5mg C g-1土壤)后,土壤pH在第一天增加,然后下降,導致土壤pH變化的主要原因是從有機物質分解釋放的堿性離子和硝化作用之間的相互作用。與玉米秸稈相比,玉米粉對土壤pH和微生物生物量的增加更加明顯。高通量MiSeq測序顯示,細菌群落在不同的處理呈現(xiàn)顯著差異,其群落結構分別與土壤pH,微生物生物量碳和土壤有機質礦化呈現(xiàn)顯著的相關性。α-變形菌綱,β-變形菌和腐生螺旋菌綱的相對豐度與土壤pH呈正相關關系,但酸桿菌綱,γ-變形菌和纖線桿菌綱的相對豐度與土壤pH呈負相關關系。有機物料的添加顯著增加了變形菌綱的豐度和降低了纖線桿菌綱的豐度,但群落中主要綱與TOC間沒有顯著的相關性。本研究證明了土壤pH比有機物料對細菌群落結構與組成影響更大。
[Abstract]:Soil acidification has become an increasingly serious problem in recent decades. This study selected Quzhou acid red soil to carry out field experiment. To explore the effects of effective modifiers (biomass carbon, lime and organic fertilizer) and their combinations on soil nitrification and nitrifying bacteria, The changes of soil basic physical and chemical properties (pH and TOC) of organic materials (corn flour and corn straw) added to three modifiers (no modifier treatment, wheat straw biomass carbon treatment and organic fertilizer treatment) were studied. The effects of soil pH and material availability on the structure and composition of bacterial community in improved soil were compared. The results are as follows: 1) the effects of biomass carbon, lime, organic fertilizer and their combinations on the improvement of acid soil were investigated in the field experiment. The results showed that the soil pH was increased by applying the modifier, and the effect of wheat biomass carbon was the best, the soil pH was increased by about 2 units, and the mixed treatment of 1 / 3 rice husk biomass carbon (1 / 3 lime and 1 / 3 organic fertilizer) increased about 1 unit. In general, the basic ions of the modifier, Ca 2 +, mg 2 and K) are the main factors of the increase of soil pH. The effect of nitrogen mineralization (mainly nitrification) on pH reduction was relatively small. The study of nitrification and nitrifying microorganism by different modifiers showed that the ratio of AOAA to AOB was with soil pH. Decreased and increased substantially, This indicated that soil pH was an important factor affecting AOB abundance. High throughput MiSeq sequencing showed that the addition of soil modifier significantly increased the relative abundance of soil nitrifying bacteria and nitrifying Helicobacter. Soil pH is an important determinant of bacterial community composition and diversity. To sum up, improvers (biomass carbon, lime, organic fertilizers and their combinations) affect the abundance, diversity and composition of nitrifying bacteria through soil pH. Therefore, the mineralization rate of corn flour in different pH soils was faster than that of corn straw, and the highest pH value was 6.32). The pH of the soil increased on the first day and then decreased after adding corn flour 5mg / g soil. The main reason for the change of soil pH was the interaction between the alkaline ions released from the decomposition and release of organic matter and nitrification. Compared with corn straw, corn meal increased soil pH and microbial biomass more obviously. High throughput MiSeq sequencing showed that bacterial communities showed significant differences in different treatments. The community structure was significantly correlated with soil pH, microbial biomass, carbon and soil organic matter mineralization, and the relative abundance of 偽 -Proteus, 尾 -Proteus and Helicobacter saprophyta was positively correlated with soil pH. However, the relative abundance of acidobacterium, 緯 -Proteus and Fibrinobacterium was negatively correlated with soil pH. The addition of organic materials significantly increased the abundance of Proteus and decreased the abundance of Mycobacterium, but there was no significant correlation between the main class and TOC in the community. The results showed that soil pH had more influence on the structure and composition of bacterial community than organic materials.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S153

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