本文選題：水土流失 + 指標(biāo)�。� 參考：《北京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：水土流失是我國(guó)嚴(yán)重的生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題之一,北京市山區(qū)面積占全市的62%,地貌和地質(zhì)條件復(fù)雜,是水土流失的主要發(fā)生地,崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等地質(zhì)災(zāi)害經(jīng)常發(fā)生。水土流失作為一種類(lèi)型的生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),直接影響著山區(qū)小流域的生態(tài)安全狀況。本研究以北京山區(qū)為研究范圍,以小流域?yàn)樵u(píng)價(jià)單元,考慮了水力侵蝕、崩塌、滑坡和泥石流四類(lèi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),建立了北京山區(qū)小流域水土保持生態(tài)安全評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,提出了評(píng)價(jià)的方法和步驟,基于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)源和受體重要性?xún)深?lèi)指標(biāo)構(gòu)建了"PD加權(quán)復(fù)合評(píng)價(jià)模型”,并對(duì)北京山區(qū)小流域進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià),評(píng)價(jià)等級(jí)分布有如下特點(diǎn)：北京山區(qū)共計(jì)576條小流域,處于安全、較安全、一般、較危險(xiǎn)、危險(xiǎn)五個(gè)等級(jí)的比例分別為16.7%、22.0%、24.8%、22.6%、13.9%。等級(jí)為危險(xiǎn)的小流域分布于房山區(qū)西部、門(mén)頭溝區(qū)東部、密云縣東部以及平谷區(qū)東部；等級(jí)為較危險(xiǎn)的小流域分布于危險(xiǎn)等級(jí)小流域的周邊區(qū)域；等級(jí)為一般的小流域廣泛分布于各個(gè)區(qū)縣,尤以延慶縣、懷柔區(qū)和密云縣分布最多；等級(jí)為較安全和安全的小流域主要分布于整個(gè)山區(qū)西部以及懷柔區(qū)北部。針對(duì)水土流失和地質(zhì)災(zāi)害兩方面,對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,基本符合實(shí)際情況,說(shuō)明模型的可靠性較高。本研究最后設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了水土保持生態(tài)安全評(píng)價(jià)系統(tǒng),介紹了系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)流程、基本功能模塊和業(yè)務(wù)功能模塊,該系統(tǒng)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)包括指標(biāo)獲取、指標(biāo)分級(jí)、指數(shù)計(jì)算、評(píng)價(jià)分級(jí)和查詢(xún)統(tǒng)計(jì)在內(nèi)的整個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)流程。
[Abstract]:Soil and water loss is one of the serious ecological environmental problems in China. The mountainous area of Beijing occupies 622 of the whole city, the geomorphology and geological conditions are complex, and it is the main occurrence place of soil and water loss, such as collapse, landslide, debris flow and so on. Soil erosion, as a kind of ecological risk, directly affects the ecological security of small watershed in mountainous area. Taking Beijing mountainous area as the research scope and small watershed as the evaluation unit, the evaluation index system of soil and water conservation ecological security in the small watershed of Beijing mountainous area was established by considering four kinds of risks, such as hydraulic erosion, collapse, landslide and debris flow. The methods and steps of evaluation are put forward, and the PD weighted composite evaluation model is constructed based on the risk source and receptor importance, and the small watershed in Beijing mountainous area is evaluated. The distribution of the evaluation grade is as follows: there are 576 small watersheds in the mountainous area of Beijing, which are safe, general, dangerous and dangerous. The proportion of the five grades is 16.70.22.00.24.8and 22.60.13.9. The small watershed with dangerous grade is distributed in the west of Fangshan area, the east of Mentougou area, the east of Miyun County and the eastern part of Pinggu area, and the dangerous small watershed is distributed in the peripheral area of the small watershed of dangerous grade. The small watersheds with general grade are widely distributed in all districts and counties, especially Yanqing County, Huairou District and Miyun County, while the safer and safer small watersheds are mainly distributed in the western part of mountainous area and the northern part of Huairou region. In view of soil erosion and geological hazards, the evaluation results are verified, which are basically in line with the actual situation, indicating that the reliability of the model is high. At the end of this study, the evaluation system of soil and water conservation ecological security is designed and realized, and the system design flow, basic function module and business function module are introduced. The system can realize index acquisition, index grading and index calculation. Evaluation grading and query statistics including the entire evaluation process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S157;X826

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