本文選題：濺蝕 + 黃土土質(zhì)��； 參考：《水土保持研究》2016年05期

【摘要】：土壤質(zhì)地是土粒濺蝕量及濺出方式的重要影響因素。以黃土高原4種土壤(土、黑壚土、砂黃土、黃綿土)為試驗(yàn)用土,通過人工模擬降雨試驗(yàn)研究了黃土土質(zhì)對(duì)濺蝕量、濺出土粒顆粒組成的影響。結(jié)果表明:(1)濺蝕量隨降雨歷時(shí)增加呈冪函數(shù)趨勢(shì)增加。降雨開始時(shí)濺蝕量取決于土表松散顆粒含量及土粒均勻程度。隨后濺蝕量增加速率則取決于黏粒(0.002mm)、細(xì)粉粒(0.002~0.02mm)及吸濕性黏土礦物含量,二者綜合作用使得濺蝕量增加幅度減小。(2)濺蝕過程中濺出土粒的粒徑組成決定于供試土壤的顆粒組成,0.25mm顆粒含量高的土壤濺出土粒粒徑分布均勻,而0.25mm顆粒含量低的土壤濺出土粒集中分布于粗粉粒、細(xì)砂粒粒級(jí)內(nèi)。(3)通過濺出土粒實(shí)際與原始顆粒含量的比值可判斷土壤顆粒濺出方式。供試土壤黏粒、細(xì)粉粒、粗粉粒(0.02~0.05mm)的實(shí)際與原始顆粒含量比值1,均以團(tuán)粒形式濺出,不受土壤類別影響;而土、黑壚土砂粒的實(shí)際與原始顆粒含量的比值1,以團(tuán)粒形式濺出;砂黃土、黃綿土土壤砂粒實(shí)際與原始顆粒含量比值≈1,以單粒形式濺出。
[Abstract]:Soil texture is an important factor of soil particle splash erosion and spatter way. Using four kinds of soils (soil, loessial soil, sandy loess, loess soil) in the Loess Plateau as experimental soils, the effects of loess soil quality on the amount of splash erosion and the composition of spattered soil particles were studied by simulated rainfall. The results show that the amount of splash erosion increases with the increase of rainfall duration. The amount of splash erosion at the beginning of rainfall depends on the content of loose particles on the soil surface and the uniformity of soil particles. The rate of spatter increase depends on the content of clay (0.002 mm), fine powder (0.002 鹵0.02 mm) and hygroscopic clay. In the process of splash erosion, the particle size composition of the spattered soil depends on the particle composition of 0.25mm particles in the tested soil, and the particle size distribution of the soil spatter with high particle content is uniform. The spattered soil particles with low 0.25mm content were concentrated in coarse silt particles, and the spattering patterns of soil particles could be judged by the ratio of actual and original particle content of spattered soil particles. The ratio of soil clay, fine silt and coarse silt to original particle content 1 was splashed out in the form of aggregates, which was not affected by soil type, but the ratio of actual and original grain content of black loessial soil was 1, which was spattered out in the form of aggregates. The ratio of sand content to original grain content in sandy loess and loess soil is about 1, which is spattered out in the form of single grain.
【作者單位】： 中國科學(xué)院地理科學(xué)與資源研究所陸地水循環(huán)及地表過程重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境學(xué)院;中國科學(xué)院水利部水土保持研究所黃土高原土壤侵蝕與旱地農(nóng)業(yè)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目(41471229;41271304) 黃土高原土壤侵蝕與旱地農(nóng)業(yè)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放資助項(xiàng)目(A314021402-1518)
【分類號(hào)】：S157.1
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本文編號(hào)：1818226