本文選題：土壤氮磷 + 淋溶��； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：氮磷流失是造成農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染的主要原因,其中淋溶流失已成為不可忽視源,因此對氮磷在土壤中的淋溶流失研究具有重要意義。本文選取陜西省周至縣竹峪鄉(xiāng)俞家河農(nóng)田土壤,采用室內(nèi)模擬裝置淋溶土柱的方法,探究了四種外源添加物質(zhì)(土壤調(diào)理劑、砒砂巖、秸稈、生物炭)對土壤氮磷素淋溶特征的影響。并定期在流經(jīng)該地區(qū)的俞家河設置10個不同斷面取水樣,測定總磷(TP)、總氮(TN)、總溶解性磷(TDP)、溶解性反應磷(DRP)、顆粒磷(PP)和溶解性有機磷(DOP),分析河水氮磷濃度變化及影響因素。論文主要得出以下結論:(1)生物炭可以增加淋溶液中PP、DPR和DOP的濃度,進而增加TP的濃度(變化范圍0.68~2.86 mg/l)。隨著生物炭(2%、4%、8%)施入比例的增大,淋溶液各形態(tài)磷和土壤中速效磷(Olsen-P)、可溶性磷(CaCl2-P)含量顯著性增大,其中Olsen-P含量分別增加了141%、290%、382%,生物炭顯著地提高了土壤中磷素的淋溶能力;秸稈增加淋溶液中DOP和PP濃度,進而增加TP的含量,同時DRP含量降低了50%,在TP中所占的比例僅為4.7%。秸稈減少淋溶液和土壤中有效磷含量,并阻止土壤中CaCl2-P向下層移動,減少磷素對環(huán)境的風險;(2)4%、8%的生物炭施用量降低了土壤氮素淋失分別為30%和20.7%,2%的生物炭施用量卻增加了土壤氮素淋失量為5.9%,同時生物炭(2%、4%、8%)降低土壤中堿解氮含量,對氮素起到抑制作用。秸稈的施入降低土壤氮素淋失為9.7%,并使堿解氮含量增加59.1%,土壤中總氮和堿解氮含量主要集中在0-10 cm,秸稈顯著地降低抑制氮素淋溶,并提高表層土壤肥力。砒砂巖對土壤中氮素的淋失起到抑制作用,短時間內(nèi)減少了土壤中堿解氮含量。(3)俞家河河水TP、PP、TDP、TN濃度的變化具有季節(jié)性,4~9月作物生長期河水TP濃度都高于藻類發(fā)生的臨界值(0.02 mg/l)。PP占TP的67.7%,是河水磷素主要形態(tài),DRP和DOP含量較低,取決于河水本身,其中DOP濃度在7、8月較高,與河水溫度有關。河水TN濃度的變化范圍為1.6~14.0 mg/l,各月份其平均值為5.8 mg/l,均超過臨界值(2 mg/l)。過量的施肥是河水中氮磷含量的主要來源,降雨和施肥是導致河水面源污染的主要原因。俞家河河水氮素污染更為嚴重,生物炭能降低氮素淋失,但確定其施入量時應綜合考慮對磷素的促進作用。秸稈抑制氮素淋失的同時能降低磷素對環(huán)境的風險。砒砂巖和土壤調(diào)理劑對環(huán)境的作用不顯著。
[Abstract]:Nitrogen and phosphorus loss is the main cause of agricultural non-point source pollution, among which leaching loss has become a source that can not be ignored, so the study of nitrogen and phosphorus leaching in soil is of great significance. In this paper, the soil of Yujiahe farmland in Zhuyuxiang, Zhouzhi County, Shaanxi Province was selected, and four kinds of exogenous substances (soil conditioning agent, arsenopyst, straw) were studied by means of indoor simulation device leaching soil column. Effects of biochar) on the leaching characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil. Ten water samples from different sections of Yujiahe River flowing through the area were set up on a regular basis to determine total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TNN), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), particulate phosphorus (PPN) and dissolved organic phosphorus (DPP). The changes of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in river water and their influencing factors were analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Biochar can increase the concentration of PPP-DPR and DOP in leaching solution, and then increase the concentration of TP (range 0.68 ~ 2.86 mg / L ~ (-1)). With the increase of the application rate of biochar, the contents of various forms of phosphorus in leaching solution and Olsen-Pn in soil, soluble phosphorus CaCl2-P) increased significantly, and the content of Olsen-P increased by 141 ~ 290 ~ (382), respectively. Biochar significantly improved the leaching ability of phosphorus in soil. Straw increased the concentration of DOP and PP in leaching solution, and then increased the content of TP. Meanwhile, the content of DRP decreased by 50%, and the proportion in TP was only 4.7%. Straw reduced the content of available phosphorus in leaching solution and soil, and prevented CaCl2-P from moving down in soil. To reduce the risk of phosphorus to the environment, to reduce the amount of biochar applied by 8%, to reduce the nitrogen leaching loss of soil by 30% and 20.7%, respectively, but to increase the amount of soil nitrogen leaching by 5.9g, and to decrease the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil by the addition of biochar. It has an inhibitory effect on nitrogen. The application of straw reduced the leaching loss of nitrogen to 9.7%, and increased the content of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen by 59.1%. The content of total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil was mainly 0-10 cm. The straw significantly decreased the inhibition of nitrogen leaching and improved the fertility of surface soil. Arsenic sandstone can inhibit the leaching of nitrogen in soil. In a short period of time, the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in soil was reduced.) the change of TP concentration in the river water of Yujiahe River shows that the TP concentration in the river water during the growing period from April to September is higher than 67.7% of the critical value of algae, which is the main form of phosphorus in river water. The contents of DRP and DOP were low, Depending on the river itself, DOP concentrations are higher in July and August, depending on the river's temperature. The variation range of TN concentration in river water is 1.6 ~ 14.0 mg / l, and its average value is 5.8 mg / L in each month, which is above the critical value of 2 mg / L ~ (-1). Excessive fertilization is the main source of nitrogen and phosphorus content in river water, and rainfall and fertilization are the main causes of water non-point source pollution. The nitrogen pollution in Yujiahe River is more serious, and biochar can reduce the nitrogen leaching loss, but the promotion of phosphorus should be considered comprehensively when determining the amount of nitrogen applied in Yujiahe River. Straw can reduce the environmental risk of phosphorus while inhibiting nitrogen leaching. The effect of soft rock and soil conditioner on environment is not significant.
【學位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S158

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