本文選題：土壤 + ERT��； 參考：《青島大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：大氣降水入滲到地下轉(zhuǎn)化成土壤水,土壤水經(jīng)由非飽和帶(或滲流帶)到達(dá)地下水面,補(bǔ)給地下水。土壤水和地下水是干旱半干旱地區(qū)水資源最重要的組成部分,它們支撐著該地區(qū)工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、生活及生態(tài)需水。為了保證水資源的可持續(xù)利用,需要準(zhǔn)確地估計(jì)地下水補(bǔ)給量(或速率)。近年來(lái),隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和人民生活水平的提高,青島市水資源日益匱乏。大沽河作為青島市的重要水源地,雖然流域面積廣闊,但面臨著地下水位下降、海水入侵和地下水污染等諸多問(wèn)題,而探究土壤水入滲過(guò)程是研究這些問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵之一。近二十年來(lái),高密度電阻率成像法(ERT)作為一種新興的水文地球物理技術(shù),因其非破壞性、時(shí)空連續(xù)性和高分辨率等特點(diǎn)在土壤水分入滲研究中得到廣泛應(yīng)用,而染色示蹤試驗(yàn)由于能清晰、直觀地反映土壤水分流動(dòng)路徑而受到人們的關(guān)注。為了解水分在土壤中的運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程,本文共進(jìn)行了室內(nèi)土壤水分入滲實(shí)驗(yàn)和田間土壤水分入滲試驗(yàn)兩個(gè)部分,分析了在不同入滲量條件下,均質(zhì)土壤和非均質(zhì)土壤中水分的運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程。室內(nèi)土柱水分入滲實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中,采用土壤水分傳感器作為監(jiān)測(cè)裝置,將其安裝于土柱的不同深度處,監(jiān)測(cè)不同入滲水量時(shí)剖面含水量變化情況,并利用不同的模型模擬水分的運(yùn)動(dòng)。田間水分入滲試驗(yàn)于大沽河下游的即墨市藍(lán)村鎮(zhèn)四里村農(nóng)田進(jìn)行,布設(shè)2~4條測(cè)線,采用類似于雙套環(huán)的試驗(yàn)裝置,在測(cè)線中央插入尺寸為0.5 m×0.5 m×0.5 m的鐵框(內(nèi)框)和1.2 m×1.0 m×0.8 m的有機(jī)玻璃框(外框),內(nèi)框中注入3.0 g/L的亮藍(lán)溶液,外框內(nèi)注入同等高度的水,在內(nèi)外框水頭高度都是3.0 cm的條件下,亮藍(lán)溶液和水分都會(huì)向下入滲。利用DCX-1G多功能高密度電法儀—實(shí)時(shí)成像系統(tǒng)(ERT)原位監(jiān)測(cè)水分和亮藍(lán)溶液入滲前、入滲過(guò)程中及入滲后的電阻率變化。將二維剖面電阻率信息整理并導(dǎo)入到三維Voxler軟件中,實(shí)現(xiàn)由二維到三維圖像的轉(zhuǎn)換,以便更加清晰地觀察土壤水分入滲過(guò)程,并用Hydrus-1D軟件模擬土壤水分運(yùn)動(dòng),以便進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證ERT監(jiān)測(cè)土壤入滲過(guò)程的可行性。在試驗(yàn)結(jié)束后,對(duì)鐵框范圍內(nèi)的土壤沿東西方向每隔5~10 cm開(kāi)挖剖面,一直開(kāi)挖至無(wú)法看到染色示蹤劑為止,并用數(shù)碼相機(jī)記錄剖面的染色狀況。本文的研究得出以下幾點(diǎn)結(jié)論:(1)通過(guò)對(duì)室內(nèi)土柱入滲實(shí)驗(yàn)的分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)水分在入滲開(kāi)始時(shí)的入滲率較大,累積入滲量的變化較快;隨著時(shí)間的推移,入滲率逐漸減小并趨于穩(wěn)定。室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)的入滲過(guò)程可用Philip模型和Kostiakov模型進(jìn)行模擬,Kostiakov模型的擬合度優(yōu)于Philip模型;入滲過(guò)程和再分布過(guò)程均可用Hydrus-1D模擬,它對(duì)前者的模擬結(jié)果較好,但對(duì)后者的模擬結(jié)果稍差。(2)根據(jù)ERT反演后計(jì)算得到的電阻率值,將其與實(shí)測(cè)的含水量數(shù)據(jù)用改進(jìn)后的Archie公式擬合,獲得了含水量與電阻率之間的定量關(guān)系,其擬合度為0.765,相關(guān)性較好,能較為準(zhǔn)確地反映含水量與電阻率之間的關(guān)系。(3)利用ERT監(jiān)測(cè)田間土壤水分運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),在入滲初期,入滲區(qū)域土壤的表層電阻率迅速降低,隨著時(shí)間的延續(xù),表層電阻率的變化逐漸減小;比較試驗(yàn)不同時(shí)刻土壤水分入滲剖面和亮藍(lán)溶液入滲剖面,發(fā)現(xiàn)土壤水分的入滲速度比亮藍(lán)溶液的入滲速度要快;在亮藍(lán)溶液入滲的過(guò)程中,由于上部土壤會(huì)對(duì)亮藍(lán)溶液產(chǎn)生吸附,所以在優(yōu)先流區(qū)域引起電阻率變化的主要原因是水分的運(yùn)動(dòng);在入滲量特別大時(shí),水分會(huì)在滲透性較差的區(qū)域產(chǎn)生積聚。(4)將系列二維電阻率剖面信息導(dǎo)入到Voxler軟件轉(zhuǎn)換成三維空間電阻率分布模型,得到了更加豐富的地電斷面信息,可以更清晰地反映土壤水分入滲過(guò)程。通過(guò)將二維電阻率剖面信息與三維電阻率立體信息相對(duì)比,發(fā)現(xiàn)三維電阻率模型能夠準(zhǔn)確地反映土壤水分運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程。(5)利用Photoshop圖像處理軟件將入滲試驗(yàn)結(jié)束時(shí)的土壤染色剖面圖像處理成為二值圖像,并統(tǒng)計(jì)分析土壤剖面染色比例在垂直方向上的變化,發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著入滲量的增大,亮藍(lán)的最大染色深度、均勻染色范圍、優(yōu)先流的均勻程度都隨之增加。
[Abstract]:The atmospheric precipitation is converted into soil water, and the soil water flows through the unsaturated zone (or percolation zone) to the surface of the surface of the water to recharge the groundwater. Soil water and groundwater are the most important components of the water resources in arid and semi-arid areas. They support the industrial, agricultural, living and ecological water requirements of the region. In recent years, with the development of the economy and the improvement of the people's living standards, the water resources in Qingdao have become increasingly scarce. The Dagu River, as an important source of water in Qingdao, is facing many problems, such as the decline of the groundwater level, the invasion of the sea water and the pollution of the groundwater, and so on. The infiltration process of soil water is one of the key factors to study these problems. In the past twenty years, high density resistivity imaging (ERT), as a new hydrogeophysical technique, has been widely used in the study of soil water infiltration because of its non destructive, spatio-temporal continuity and high resolution, and the dyeing tracer test is clear because of its characteristics. In order to understand the path of soil water flow directly, people pay attention to it. In order to understand the movement process of water in the soil, two parts of the laboratory soil water infiltration experiment and field soil water infiltration test were carried out. The movement process of water in homogeneous soil soil and heterogeneous soil under different infiltration conditions was analyzed. In the process of soil column water infiltration experiment, the soil moisture sensor is used as a monitoring device, which is installed at different depths of the soil column, monitoring the change of water content in the section of different infiltration water, and using different models to simulate the movement of water. Field water infiltration test in the four Li village of blue village in the lower reaches of Jimo River in the Dagu River A 2~4 line is set up, and a test device similar to a double ring is used to insert an iron frame (inner frame) of 0.5 m * 0.5 m x 0.5 m and 1.2 m x 1 m x 0.8 m in the center of the test line. The inner frame is injected with a brilliant blue solution of 3 g/L, and the same height of water is injected into the outer frame, and the height of the head of the inner and outer frame is 3 cm At the same time, the solution and water of the bright blue will be infiltrated downward. The resistivity changes in the infiltration process and after infiltration are monitored in situ using the DCX-1G multi-function high-density electric instrument and real-time imaging system (ERT). The two-dimensional profile resistivity information is arranged and introduced into the 3D Voxler software to realize the two-dimensional to three-dimensional images. The soil moisture infiltration process is more clearly observed and the soil moisture movement is simulated with Hydrus-1D software to further verify the feasibility of ERT monitoring the infiltration process of soil. After the test, the soil in the iron frame range is excavated every 5~10 cm along the east-west direction and is excavated until the stain tracer can not be seen. So far, the dyeing status of the section is recorded with a digital camera. The following conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) through the analysis of the laboratory soil column infiltration experiment, it is found that the infiltration rate of water in the beginning of infiltration is larger and the change of the cumulative infiltration amount is faster; the infiltration rate gradually decreases and tends to stability as time goes on. The infiltration of indoor experiments The process can be simulated with Philip model and Kostiakov model, and the fitting degree of Kostiakov model is better than that of Philip model. The infiltration process and redistribution process can be simulated with Hydrus-1D. The simulation results of the former are better, but the simulation results of the latter are poor. (2) the resistivity values obtained by the ERT inversion can be calculated with the measured water content. The quantitative data is fitted with the improved Archie formula. The quantitative relationship between water content and resistivity is obtained. The fitting degree is 0.765, the correlation is better, and the relationship between water content and resistivity can be accurately reflected. (3) when soil moisture movement in the field is monitored by ERT, the surface layer resistivity of the infiltration area is rapid in the infiltration area. As time continues, the change of surface resistivity decreases gradually, and the infiltration velocity of soil moisture is faster than that of bright blue solution at different time, and in the process of bright blue solution, the adsorption of bright blue solution will be produced in the process of bright blue solution infiltration. The main reason for the change of resistivity in the preferential flow region is the movement of water. When the infiltration amount is very large, the water will accumulate in the region with poor permeability. (4) the series of two-dimensional resistivity profile information is transferred into the Voxler software to transform into a three-dimensional spatial resistivity distribution model, and a more abundant geoelectric section information is obtained. In order to reflect the infiltration process of soil moisture more clearly. By comparing the two-dimensional resistivity profile information with three-dimensional resistivity stereoscopic information, it is found that the three-dimensional resistivity model can accurately reflect the soil moisture movement process. (5) the soil dyeing section image of the infiltration test junction is processed into two by using the Photoshop image processing software. The change in the vertical direction of the soil section dyeing ratio in the vertical direction is statistically analyzed. It is found that with the increase of infiltration, the maximum dyeing depth of the bright blue, the uniform dyeing range, and the uniformity of the preferential flow increase.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S152.72

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 岳寧;董軍;李玲;闞飛;王剛;黃少文;魏國(guó)孝;;基于高密度電阻率成像法的隴中半干旱區(qū)土壤含水量監(jiān)測(cè)研究[J];中國(guó)生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào);2016年10期

2 張彪;楊素勤;陳建勛;程海寬;景鑫鑫;楊海濤;周志云;孫曉雪;;基于Hydrus模擬根灌條件下黃河灘地土壤水分入滲的研究[J];江西農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào);2015年08期

3 劉庭發(fā);聶艷俠;胡黎明;周啟友;溫慶博;;基于高密度電阻率法的水分遷移模型試驗(yàn)研究[J];巖土工程學(xué)報(bào);2016年04期

4 范嚴(yán)偉;趙文舉;王昱;畢貴權(quán);;夾砂層土壤Green-Ampt入滲模型的改進(jìn)與驗(yàn)證[J];農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào);2015年05期

5 徐佳;朱魯;翟培合;;基于Voxler平臺(tái)的電法數(shù)據(jù)體三維可視化[J];工程地球物理學(xué)報(bào);2014年06期

6 馬東豪;張佳寶;吳忠東;許曉輝;;電阻率成像法在土壤水文學(xué)研究中的應(yīng)用及進(jìn)展[J];土壤學(xué)報(bào);2014年03期

7 肖慶禮;黃明斌;邵明安;任利東;;黑河中游綠洲不同質(zhì)地土壤水分的入滲與再分布[J];農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào);2014年02期

8 高云鵬;盛豐;唐澤華;謝平英;;非飽和土壤水流運(yùn)動(dòng)特征的顯色示蹤[J];長(zhǎng)沙理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2013年04期

9 寇小華;王文;鄭國(guó)權(quán);;土壤水分入滲模型的研究方法綜述[J];亞熱帶水土保持;2013年03期

10 寇小華;王文;鄭國(guó)權(quán);;土壤水分入滲的影響因素與試驗(yàn)研究方法綜述[J];廣東林業(yè)科技;2013年04期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 李天成;電阻率成像技術(shù)的二維三維正反演研究[D];中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）;2008年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 孟祥瑩;ERT與TDR聯(lián)合反演層狀土壤水分運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程研究[D];青島大學(xué);2016年

2 楊玉崢;青島大沽河流域土壤水與地下水轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系及土壤水優(yōu)化配置研究[D];青島大學(xué);2014年

3 張財(cái)寶;三峽庫(kù)區(qū)森林土壤優(yōu)先流染色特征研究[D];華中師范大學(xué);2013年

4 王鵬飛;超高密度激電數(shù)據(jù)采集與正反演解釋方法研究[D];中南大學(xué);2012年

，

本文編號(hào)：1815672