發(fā)布時間：2018-04-27 17:49

  本文選題：黃土 + 生物炭��； 參考：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：外源生物炭(Biochar)可提高黃土肥力,改良土壤環(huán)境。研究不同外源性生物炭對高緯度寒旱地區(qū)黃土中有機(jī)污染物吸附行為的影響,對于了解該類污染物在黃土地區(qū)的歸趨具有重大意義。本論文分別以玉米秸稈和松針為原材料,在不同溫度下(200、400和600℃)制備生物炭,同時利用電鏡掃描,孔徑測定、元素分析和紅外光譜等方法對所制生物炭進(jìn)行表征分析,并采用批量法對其進(jìn)行動力學(xué)和熱力學(xué)等吸附性能的測試。分析不同來源和不同溫度下制備的生物炭對兩種典型農(nóng)藥敵草隆(diuron)和西維因(carbaryl)在西北黃土中吸附性能的影響,確定其平衡吸附模型,并對溫度、pH、初始濃度等影響因素進(jìn)行了探討。研究結(jié)果如下:(1)生物炭表征分析結(jié)果顯示,生物炭表面含有羥基、羧基、羰基等基團(tuán),且隨著生物炭熱解溫度的升高和熱解時間的延長,生物炭灰分含量和碳化程度增強的同時產(chǎn)率和有機(jī)質(zhì)含量下降。隨著生物炭熱裂解溫度的升高,孔體積增大,孔徑減小,生物炭孔壁逐漸變薄,內(nèi)部孔結(jié)構(gòu)增大,微孔數(shù)量增多。碳含量隨生物炭熱解溫度的升高而增大,氫和氧含量逐漸降低,生物炭芳香性增加,而極性降低。(2)黃土對兩種有機(jī)農(nóng)藥的吸附實驗結(jié)果顯示,西維因和敵草隆在黃土上的動力學(xué)吸附過程均分為快反應(yīng)和慢反應(yīng)兩個階段,動力學(xué)吸附過程較符合Pseudo-second-order和Intraparticle diffusion吸附模型,熱力學(xué)吸附較符合Freundlich模型,吸附過程均為放熱過程。溶液pH和粒徑對土壤顆粒吸附敵草隆和西維因都有著不同程度的影響,當(dāng)溶液pH在3~10范圍內(nèi)變化時,對黃土中敵草隆吸附行為影響不大,但對西維因的吸附變化卻有著顯著影響。(3)生物炭吸附兩種有機(jī)污染物的實驗結(jié)果顯示,不論是對敵草隆還是對西維因的吸附過程中,MBC-600和PBC-600的吸附量都遠(yuǎn)大于200℃和400℃條件下制得的生物炭的吸附量,動力學(xué)吸附過程較符合Pseudo-second-order動力學(xué)吸附模型,熱力學(xué)吸附符合Freundlich方程,吸附過程中ΔGθ0、ΔHθ0、ΔSθ0,表明兩種有機(jī)污染物在生物炭上的吸附為自發(fā)進(jìn)行且體系混亂程度增大的吸熱過程。對貢獻(xiàn)量分析研究表明:敵草隆和西維因在較低溫度下制備的生物炭上的吸附以分配作用為主,表面吸附作用的貢獻(xiàn)量隨生物炭熱解溫度的升高而增大,對兩種有機(jī)污染物的吸附主要由分配作用和表面吸附共同完成。(4)有機(jī)污染物敵草隆和西維因在添加外源生物炭黃土上的吸附影響實驗結(jié)果顯示,添加生物炭可以顯著提高敵草隆和西維因在黃土上的飽和吸附量,動力學(xué)符合Pseudo-second-order吸附模型,熱力學(xué)符合Freundlich等溫吸附模型;吸附自由能E在實驗溫度范圍內(nèi)均小于8kJ·mol~(-1),表明其吸附過程以物理吸附為主。生物炭添加量和熱裂解溫度的不同對黃土吸附敵草隆有著顯著的影響,黃土對有機(jī)物的吸附作用主要被生物炭所控制。體系溫度和溶液初始濃度對吸附行為均有較大影響;pH僅對西維因吸附行為影響較大,對敵草隆吸附量無顯著影響。(5)有機(jī)污染物在柴油污染黃土上的吸附實驗結(jié)果表明,與第三章未受污染黃土對敵草隆和西維因的動力學(xué)吸附相比較,柴油污染黃土對有機(jī)污染物的吸附平衡時間基本無太大變化,生物炭的添加加速了柴油污染黃土對兩種污染物的吸附過程,縮短了吸附平衡時間。動力學(xué)過程更符合Pseudo-second-order模型;不論是對敵草隆的吸附,還是對西維因的吸附,添加生物炭的柴油污染黃土對其的ΔGθ0、ΔHθ0、ΔSθ0,表明此吸附為自發(fā)進(jìn)行吸熱過程。添加MBC-400的不同柴油污染強度的黃土對敵草隆的吸附量有所提高,但還是受到柴油污染強度的影響,吸附量隨著污染強度的增加而降低。
[Abstract]:Exogenous biological carbon (Biochar) can improve the fertility of loess and improve the soil environment. It is of great significance to study the effect of different exogenous biological charcoal on the adsorption behavior of organic pollutants in loess region of high latitudes and cold drought areas. Biocharcoal was prepared at (200400 and 600 C), and the biological charcoal was characterized by electron microscope scanning, pore size determination, element analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The kinetic and thermodynamic adsorption properties of the biological charcoal were tested by batch method. The biological charcoal prepared from different sources and different temperatures was analyzed for two typical farmers. The influence of diuron and carbaryl on the adsorption properties of the northwest loess, the equilibrium adsorption model was determined, and the influence factors such as temperature, pH and initial concentration were discussed. The results were as follows: (1) the results of biological charcoal characterization showed that the surface of biological charcoal contains hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl groups, and with the heat of biological charcoal. With the increase of thermal cracking temperature, the pore volume increased, the pore size decreased, the pore wall of biological carbon became thinner, the inner pore structure increased and the number of micropores increased. Carbon content followed the pyrolysis temperature of biological charcoal. The content of hydrogen and oxygen gradually decreased, the aromatic property of biological carbon increased and the polarity decreased. (2) the adsorption experiments of two kinds of organic pesticides on Loess showed that the kinetic adsorption process on the loess was divided into two stages, fast reaction and slow reaction, and the kinetic adsorption process was in accordance with Pseudo-second-order and Intr. Aparticle diffusion adsorption model, thermodynamic adsorption is more consistent with the Freundlich model, and the adsorption process is exothermic process. Solution pH and particle size have different effects on the adsorption of diuron and West dimension of soil particles. When the solution pH changes in the range of 3~10, the adsorption behavior of diuron in the loess is not much affected, but the absorption of diffusion in the loess is not significant. The attached change has significant influence. (3) the experimental results of adsorption of two organic pollutants by biological carbon show that the adsorption amount of MBC-600 and PBC-600 is far greater than that of 200 and 400 degrees centigrade, and the kinetic adsorption process is more consistent with the Pseudo-second-order movement. The mechanical adsorption model and thermodynamic adsorption conform to the Freundlich equation. The adsorption process is delta G theta 0, Delta H theta 0, and delta S theta 0, indicating that the adsorption of two organic pollutants on biological charcoal is spontaneous and the system chaotic degree increases, and the contribution analysis study shows that the absorption of diuron and signet on the biological carbon prepared at lower temperature. The contribution of the surface adsorption is increased with the increase of the pyrolysis temperature of biological carbon. The adsorption of two kinds of organic pollutants is mainly done by the distribution and surface adsorption. (4) the effects of the adsorption of organic pollutants on the addition of exogenous biological carbon yellow soil Carbon can significantly increase the saturated adsorption of diuron and West VIN on loess, the kinetics conforms to the Pseudo-second-order adsorption model, thermodynamics conforms to the Freundlich isothermal adsorption model, and the adsorption free energy E is less than 8kJ. Mol~ (-1) within the experimental temperature range, indicating that the adsorption process is mainly physical adsorption. The amount and thermal cracking of biological carbon are added. The difference of temperature has a significant influence on the adsorption of diuron on the loess. The adsorption of organic matter to the organic matter is mainly controlled by biological carbon. The temperature and initial concentration of the solution have great influence on the adsorption behavior; pH only has a great influence on the adsorption behavior of the virus. (5) the organic pollutants are in diesel oil. The results of adsorption experiments on contaminated loess show that the adsorption equilibrium time of diesel polluted loess to organic pollutants is basically not much changed compared with the third chapter of unpolluted loess to the kinetic adsorption phase of anti - chlor and West Wein. The addition of bio carbon accelerates the adsorption process of two kinds of pollutants from diesel polluted loess and shortens the adsorption. Equilibrium time. The kinetic process is more consistent with the Pseudo-second-order model. Whether it is the adsorption of Chira on the enemy, or the adsorption of signet, the diesel oil contaminated by biochar on its delta G theta 0, Delta H theta 0, and delta S theta 0, indicating that this adsorption is a spontaneous endothermic process. The amount of adsorption increased, but it was still affected by the pollution intensity of diesel oil, and the amount of adsorption decreased with the increase of pollution intensity.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X592

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