本文選題：植煙土壤 + 微生物菌劑　； 參考：《中國(guó)生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào)》2017年10期

【摘要】：針對(duì)烤煙生產(chǎn)中施用有機(jī)肥后植煙土壤有機(jī)態(tài)氮素分解速率不易調(diào)控的問題,并為配制有機(jī)氮分解微生物菌劑提供優(yōu)良菌株,本研究以化肥、牛糞、玉米秸稈、油枯處理下的烤煙根區(qū)土壤為材料,分離篩選出高活性氨化、亞硝化土著菌,并分別測(cè)定其對(duì)有機(jī)氮降解及氨氮分解的效果。結(jié)果表明:在烤煙生長(zhǎng)旺長(zhǎng)期,施用有機(jī)肥處理的土壤可培養(yǎng)細(xì)菌、真菌、放線菌、氨化菌數(shù)量均高于單施化肥處理;在烤煙成熟期,施用有機(jī)肥處理,烤煙根區(qū)土壤氨化菌、亞硝化菌、真菌、放線菌數(shù)量均高于單施化肥。通過各類菌株的土樣來源分析,氨化作用強(qiáng)度較高的優(yōu)勢(shì)菌株均來源于有機(jī)肥處理的土樣,植煙土壤施用有機(jī)肥較單施化肥能夠獲得較高活性的氨化細(xì)菌。各類菌活性研究顯示,短小芽孢桿菌(Bacillus pumilus)、嗜熱脂肪地芽孢桿菌(Geobacillus stearothermophilus)、巨大芽孢菌(B.megaterium)培養(yǎng)液有機(jī)氮含量降幅最大,較初始有機(jī)氮含量分別降低84.74%、92.74%、79.52%;寡養(yǎng)單胞菌(Stenotrophomonas sp.)兼具有亞硝化作用及硝化作用,培養(yǎng)7 d后,培養(yǎng)液中硝態(tài)氮含量增加了0.617 mg·L~(-1);嗜麥芽寡單胞菌(S.maltophilia)亞硝化作用最強(qiáng),培養(yǎng)7 d后,培養(yǎng)液中亞硝態(tài)氮含量為0.518 mg·L~(-1)。氨化菌培養(yǎng)48 h后有機(jī)氮分解速率降低,具有亞硝化及硝化作用的菌株培養(yǎng)到第7 d活性仍處于較高水平。因此,試驗(yàn)分離出的不同功能細(xì)菌在配制解氮復(fù)合微生物菌劑時(shí)需在不同時(shí)間加入菌株進(jìn)行發(fā)酵,以獲得高活性微生物菌劑。根據(jù)分解有機(jī)氮、解氨試驗(yàn)及相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)中各菌株作用功能分析,篩選出納西桿菌(Naxibacter sp.)、寡養(yǎng)單胞菌、短小芽孢桿菌、嗜熱脂肪地芽孢桿菌、同溫層芽孢桿菌(B.stratosphericus)、纖維菌(Cellulosimicrobium cellulans)、高地芽孢桿菌(B.altitudinis)和巨大芽孢菌8株高效氮素功能菌株用于有機(jī)氮分解微生物菌劑的配制。
[Abstract]:It is difficult to control the decomposition rate of organic nitrogen in tobacco soil after applying organic fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco production, and to provide a good strain for the preparation of organic nitrogen decomposing microbial bacteria. In this study, fertilizer, cow dung and corn straw were used in this study. The soil of flue-cured tobacco root area treated with oil withered was used as the material to isolate and screen the highly active ammoniation and nitrification native bacteria, and their effects on the degradation of organic nitrogen and the decomposition of ammonia nitrogen were determined respectively. The results showed that the number of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and ammoniated bacteria in the soil treated with organic fertilizer was higher than that in the treatment of chemical fertilizer alone during the growing period of flue-cured tobacco, and in the mature stage of flue-cured tobacco, the soil ammoniated bacteria in the root region of flue-cured tobacco could be treated with organic fertilizer. The number of nitrite bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were higher than that of chemical fertilizer alone. Based on the analysis of soil samples of various strains, the dominant strains with higher ammoniation intensity were obtained from soil samples treated with organic fertilizer. The higher activity of ammoniated bacteria could be obtained by applying organic fertilizer to tobacco planting soil than by applying chemical fertilizer alone. Studies on the activity of Bacillus pumilusus, Geobacillus stearmophilus and B. megaterium. showed that the organic nitrogen content in the culture solution of Bacillus pumilusus, Bacillus thermophilus and B. megateriumwas the largest, which was 84.74% 92.74% lower than the original organic nitrogen content, respectively; and 84.74% 79.52% lower than that of the original Bacillus pumilus.Stenoomonas sp.) After 7 days of culture, the content of nitrate in the culture medium increased by 0.617 mg / L, and the nitrification of S.maltophilia was the strongest. After 7 days of culture, the content of nitrite in the medium was 0.518 mg / L ~ (-1). The decomposition rate of organic nitrogen decreased after 48 h culture of ammoniated bacteria, and the activity of the strains with nitrification and nitrification was still at a high level at the 7th day. Therefore, the bacteria with different functions should be fermented in different time to obtain the highly active microbial agents. According to the analysis of the action and function of various strains in decomposition of organic nitrogen, ammonia hydrolysis test and related literature, Naxibacter sp. sp., oligotrophomonas, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus thermophilus and Bacillus adipose were selected. B. stratosphericusus, Cellulosimicrobium cellulanss, B.altitudinis (Bacillus highland) and 8 strains with high nitrogen function were used in the preparation of organic nitrogen decomposing microbial agents.
【作者單位】： 湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)生物科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院;湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)煙草研究院;貴州大學(xué)煙草學(xué)院;江蘇中煙工業(yè)有限責(zé)任公司原料供應(yīng)部;
【基金】：貴州省畢節(jié)煙區(qū)煙葉產(chǎn)質(zhì)平衡關(guān)鍵技術(shù)優(yōu)化(201652050024149) 中國(guó)煙草云南省公司科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2015YN22)資助~~
【分類號(hào)】：S154.3;S572

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