本文選題：缺水 + 環(huán)境治理　； 參考：《學(xué)習(xí)與探索》2017年07期

【摘要】：水資源短缺是當(dāng)前我國面臨的嚴(yán)峻問題。將時間與空間兩條線索復(fù)合,可以劃分出三種地域性缺水類型。以山西為代表的旱區(qū)呈現(xiàn)了歷史時期人口暴增、森林破壞而導(dǎo)致的失蓄型缺水問題,其以水利共同體即以管水組織、用水規(guī)則、分水技術(shù)和用水文化等來維護(hù)用水秩序穩(wěn)定。中部地區(qū)的失序型缺水反映了承包責(zé)任實(shí)行以后由于農(nóng)村組織逐步缺失造成的缺水問題,可以通過創(chuàng)新用水組織、改變農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模、保留集體組織或以傳統(tǒng)組織框架加以應(yīng)對。太湖流域的水質(zhì)型缺水屬于工業(yè)化造成的水污染問題,改變觀念和人的行為、創(chuàng)新生產(chǎn)模式、營造生態(tài)自覺的新文化是治理的關(guān)鍵所在。西南民族地區(qū)在傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)開發(fā)與自然植被保護(hù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益優(yōu)化與環(huán)境保護(hù)方面蘊(yùn)含著豐富的生態(tài)智慧,仍有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:The shortage of water resources is a severe problem facing our country at present. By combining time and space, three types of regional water shortage can be divided. The dry area represented by Shanxi presents the problem of water shortage caused by the population explosion and forest destruction in the historical period. The water conservancy community is the organization of water management, the rules of water use, water partition technology and water culture to maintain the stability of water use order. The disordered water shortage in the central region reflects the shortage of water caused by the gradual absence of rural organizations after the implementation of the contract responsibility. Through innovative water use organizations, the scale of agricultural production can be changed. Retain a collective organization or respond to it in a traditional organizational framework. Water shortage in Taihu Lake basin belongs to the problem of water pollution caused by industrialization. The key to governance is to change the concept and human behavior, to innovate the production model and to create a new culture of ecological consciousness. The traditional agricultural development and natural vegetation protection, the optimization of economic benefits and the environmental protection in the southwest ethnic areas contain abundant ecological wisdom and still have practical significance.
【作者單位】： 河海大學(xué)環(huán)境與社會研究中心;河海大學(xué)社會學(xué)系;
【基金】：河海大學(xué)中央高校業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)項(xiàng)目“長三角地區(qū)環(huán)境問題的社會學(xué)研究”(2015B10814)
【分類號】：F323.213;TV213.4

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