發(fā)布時間：2018-04-19 00:18

  本文選題：草地生態(tài)補償 + 生態(tài)補償績效評價　； 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：甘南牧區(qū)是我國重要的草原畜牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)地和生態(tài)安全屏障。但受自然和人類經(jīng)濟活動的過度干擾,草地退化嚴(yán)重,導(dǎo)致甘南牧區(qū)草地的生態(tài)服務(wù)功能減弱,對地區(qū)乃至國家造成了很大的經(jīng)濟損失,也時刻威脅著國家的生態(tài)安全。面對草地退化的嚴(yán)峻現(xiàn)實,國家在甘南牧區(qū)實施了一些大的生態(tài)保護和建設(shè)項目,特別是2011年開始實施的第一輪草原生態(tài)補獎?wù)?對恢復(fù)甘南牧區(qū)退化草地、提高牧區(qū)廣大牧民的生活質(zhì)量和促進牧區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展具有重要的促進作用。但草地生態(tài)補償政策在甘南牧區(qū)實施5年來的績效如何,需要對其進行科學(xué)的評價來客觀準(zhǔn)確地反映草地生態(tài)補償政策取得的績效,及時發(fā)現(xiàn)政策實施過程中存在的問題,以便完善和改進現(xiàn)行的草地生態(tài)補償政策,為牧區(qū)草地資源的可持續(xù)利用與管理決策提供參考。本研究以甘南牧區(qū)為研究對象,在分析甘南牧區(qū)草地資源特征、現(xiàn)狀、發(fā)展態(tài)勢及牧區(qū)經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展水平的基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建了基于草地生態(tài)功能、生活功能、生產(chǎn)功能和政策指標(biāo)完成度的草地生態(tài)補償績效評價指標(biāo)體系,該體系由4個二級指標(biāo)和29個三級指標(biāo)組成。草地生態(tài)補償績效評價方法采用加權(quán)線性模型和雙重差分(DID)模型,從空間區(qū)域和時間動態(tài)兩個維度,對草地生態(tài)補償績效進行評價。并對甘南州瑪曲縣2011年—2015年實施草原補獎?wù)咭詠淼目冃нM行了實證分析。評價結(jié)果為:瑪曲縣的生態(tài)功能、生產(chǎn)功能、生活功能和補償政策完成度績效指數(shù)分別為:14.22、5.25、17.37和19.69,綜合得分為62.83。表明瑪曲縣在實施草原補獎?wù)?年以來,草地覆蓋率和生產(chǎn)力得到一定程度的提高,草地生態(tài)環(huán)境得到了改善,草地載畜力下降,牧民的基本生活和生產(chǎn)條件得到了較大的改善。但草地生產(chǎn)力水平恢復(fù)較緩慢,生產(chǎn)力水平還處于較低的水平,與草地的理論載畜量還存在一定的差距。人工草地面積比例、草地退化面積比例、生態(tài)移民人口占總?cè)丝诒壤湍撩窨萍寂嘤?xùn)、牧區(qū)基礎(chǔ)公共設(shè)施水平、牧民科技培訓(xùn)和草原監(jiān)測管理水平等方面與預(yù)期目標(biāo)還存在一定的差距和不足。根據(jù)草地生態(tài)補償績效評價結(jié)果,針對存在的問題,從完善草地生態(tài)補償機制、加強牧民草地經(jīng)營管理與就業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)和完善牧區(qū)草地流轉(zhuǎn)市場建設(shè)等方面,提出了甘南牧區(qū)草地可持續(xù)發(fā)展的對策與建議。
[Abstract]:Gannan pastoral area is an important grassland animal husbandry production area and ecological security barrier.However, due to the excessive interference of natural and human economic activities, grassland degradation is serious, which leads to the weakening of ecological service function of grassland in Gannan pastoral area, which causes great economic losses to the region and even to the country, and also threatens the ecological security of the country.Facing the severe reality of grassland degradation, the state has implemented some large ecological protection and construction projects in Gannan pastoral areas, especially the first round of grassland ecological compensation policy, which began in 2011, to restore degraded grasslands in Gannan pastoral areas.Improving the quality of life of herdsmen in pastoral areas and promoting economic development in pastoral areas play an important role in promoting the quality of life of herdsmen.However, the performance of grassland ecological compensation policy in Gannan pastoral area in the past 5 years needs to be evaluated scientifically to reflect the achievement of grassland ecological compensation policy objectively and accurately, and to find out the problems existing in the implementation of the policy.In order to perfect and improve the current grassland ecological compensation policy and provide reference for sustainable utilization and management of grassland resources in pastoral areas.On the basis of analyzing the characteristics, present situation, development situation and the level of economic and social development of grassland resources in Gannan pastoral area, the ecological function and life function of grassland were constructed.The performance evaluation index system of grassland ecological compensation is composed of 4 secondary indexes and 29 third grade indexes.The performance evaluation method of grassland ecological compensation is based on weighted linear model and double differential DID-based model. The performance of grassland ecological compensation is evaluated from two dimensions of spatial region and time dynamics.The paper also makes an empirical analysis on the performance of Maqu County, Gannan State, since the implementation of the grassland compensation Policy from 2011 to 2015.The results are as follows: the performance index of ecological function, production function, living function and compensation policy completion of Maqu county are respectively: 1. 14.225.25 / 17.37 and 19.69respectively, and the comprehensive score is 62.83.The results show that the grassland coverage and productivity have been improved, the grassland ecological environment has been improved, and the stocking capacity of grassland has decreased since the implementation of the policy of grassland compensation award in Maqu County for 5 years.Herdsmen's basic living and production conditions have been greatly improved.But the recovery of grassland productivity level was slow and the productivity level was still at a low level, and there was still a certain gap between grassland productivity level and the theoretical livestock capacity of grassland.Proportion of artificial grassland area, proportion of grassland degradation area, proportion of ecological immigrant population to total population, science and technology training of herdsmen, level of basic public facilities in pastoral areas,There are still some gaps and deficiencies between herdsmen's science and technology training and grassland monitoring and management level.According to the results of performance evaluation of grassland ecological compensation, in order to solve the existing problems, we should improve the grassland ecological compensation mechanism, strengthen the training of grassland management and employment skills of herdsmen, and improve the market construction of grassland circulation in pastoral areas.The countermeasures and suggestions for sustainable development of grassland in Gannan pastoral area were put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F812.8;F323.2;S812

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本文編號：1770734