本文選題：智能灌溉施肥　切入點：節(jié)水灌溉　出處：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：施肥與灌溉整合是水肥一體化的特征。但是實施的技術關鍵卻不在于系統(tǒng)的管道及其灌溉控制技術,而是施肥技術。國內(nèi)目前水肥一體化應用大多偏重于技術及設施引進,考慮作物的水肥需求特征不夠充分,自動化水平偏低。因此,有必要整合多學科現(xiàn)有成熟技術,研制經(jīng)濟可靠的以管道化、精準灌溉施肥為基礎的自動控制灌溉施肥系統(tǒng),適應國內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)需求,提高勞動生產(chǎn)力,降低勞動成本,保護生態(tài)環(huán)境。本研究在前期研究的基礎上,設計并制作了深液無土栽培和滴灌施肥栽培的桌面模型系統(tǒng),結合具體的栽培需求設計了柑橘園智能灌溉施肥系統(tǒng)。在桌面模型系統(tǒng)中,集成了2個子系統(tǒng),一個是基于深液無土栽培理論的營養(yǎng)液循環(huán)與營養(yǎng)濃度自動控制子系統(tǒng)。深液無土栽培是從營養(yǎng)液膜栽培法發(fā)展而來的,該方法種植作物時,根系長期侵泡在培養(yǎng)槽營養(yǎng)液中,需要通過周期性排空和注入循環(huán)向營養(yǎng)液充氧,同時使作物根系得到充分的暴氧,這一過程需要人工管理。本子系統(tǒng)的智能化能有效降低人力物力,并能自動記錄栽培過程中營養(yǎng)液濃度和p H值的動態(tài)變化,如果結合植物生長狀態(tài),可以為研究、開發(fā)無土栽培的營養(yǎng)液組成和指導無土栽培實踐創(chuàng)造條件。另一個是智能滴灌施肥系統(tǒng)子系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)利用水分傳感器適時檢測土壤水分含量,閉環(huán)控制自動灌溉,在灌溉的同時實現(xiàn)營養(yǎng)液在線混配,能準確控制營養(yǎng)組成、提高施肥和灌溉效率,降低生產(chǎn)成本,提高產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì),最終提高經(jīng)濟效益。研究成功整合這2個子系統(tǒng)在一個桌面上,能結合原理,直觀、透明地演示子系統(tǒng)的運行過程,有利于提升實踐教學質(zhì)量、促進水肥一體化技術的推廣、應用。研究還針對華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學資源環(huán)境學院的柑橘施肥試驗園的智能滴灌施肥系統(tǒng)進行了詳細項目設計,目前灌溉施肥的首部和田間布線已經(jīng)完成,施肥數(shù)據(jù)庫正在建設當中。智能灌溉施肥技術是當前我國發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的重要內(nèi)涵,在利用灌溉管道網(wǎng)絡和控制系統(tǒng)的輔助下,實現(xiàn)精準施肥,不僅能有效降低灌溉水的消耗,而且大幅度降低施肥數(shù)量,優(yōu)化肥料養(yǎng)分組成,提高肥料養(yǎng)分利用率,降低過量施肥對生態(tài)環(huán)境的不利影響、提高農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營效益。本研究成果不僅具有理論意義,而且具有實用價值。
[Abstract]:The integration of fertilization and irrigation is the characteristic of water and fertilizer integration.But the key technology is not systematic pipe and irrigation control technology, but fertilization technology.At present, the integrated application of water and fertilizer in China is mainly focused on the introduction of technology and facilities, considering the characteristics of water and fertilizer demand of crops is not enough, and the automation level is on the low side.Therefore, it is necessary to integrate the existing mature multi-disciplinary technologies and develop an economical and reliable automatic controlled irrigation fertilization system based on pipe and precision irrigation fertilization, which can meet the needs of domestic agricultural production, increase labor productivity and reduce labor costs.Protect the ecological environment.Based on the previous research, a desktop model system for deep soilless cultivation and drip irrigation and fertilization cultivation was designed, and the intelligent irrigation and fertilization system for citrus orchard was designed according to the specific cultivation requirements.In the desktop model system, two subsystems are integrated, one is the nutrient solution circulation and nutrient concentration automatic control subsystem based on the deep liquid soilless cultivation theory.The soilless culture of deep liquid is developed from the method of nutrient liquid film cultivation. When planting crops, the root system soaks in the nutrient solution of culture trough for a long time, which needs to be filled with oxygen by periodically emptying and injecting circulation to the nutrient solution.At the same time, the root system can get sufficient oxygen, and this process needs artificial management.The intelligence of this sub-system can effectively reduce manpower and material resources, and can automatically record the dynamic changes of nutrient solution concentration and pH value in the process of cultivation.To develop soilless culture nutrient solution composition and guide soilless cultivation practice to create conditions.The other is the subsystem of intelligent drip irrigation and fertilization system. The system uses moisture sensor to detect soil moisture content in time, to control automatic irrigation with closed loop, and to realize on-line mixing of nutrient solution while irrigation, which can accurately control nutrient composition.Improve the efficiency of fertilization and irrigation, reduce production costs, improve yield and quality, and ultimately improve economic efficiency.The successful integration of the two subsystems on a single desktop can demonstrate the operation process of the subsystems intuitively and transparently, which is helpful to improve the quality of practical teaching and promote the popularization and application of the integrated technology of water and fertilizer.The intelligent drip irrigation and fertilization system in the citrus fertilization experimental garden of Huazhong Agricultural University was designed in detail. The first irrigation fertilization and field wiring have been completed, and the fertilization database is under construction.Intelligent irrigation and fertilization technology is an important connotation of the development of modern agriculture in China. With the aid of irrigation pipeline network and control system, precision fertilization can not only effectively reduce the consumption of irrigation water, but also greatly reduce the amount of fertilization.The composition of fertilizer nutrient was optimized, the utilization rate of fertilizer nutrient was increased, the adverse effect of excessive fertilization on ecological environment was reduced, and the benefit of agricultural management was improved.The results of this study are not only of theoretical significance, but also of practical value.
【學位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S126;S365

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