本文選題：線蟲分離　切入點：復合脅迫　出處：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤生態(tài)功能的穩(wěn)定性關(guān)系到人類的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,因而維持和提高土壤生態(tài)功能穩(wěn)定性一直是土壤生態(tài)學領(lǐng)域的一個中心問題。影響土壤生態(tài)功能穩(wěn)定性主要有生物因素和非生物因素兩大類。近年來,關(guān)于非生物因素對土壤生態(tài)功能穩(wěn)定性影響的研究一直在持續(xù),但是多集中在單一脅迫上,很少有人研究復合脅迫對土壤生態(tài)功能穩(wěn)定性的影響。由于土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)多暴露于多種脅迫之下,所以很有必要對復合脅迫下土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能的變化進行深入的探討。作為土壤中數(shù)量最大及多樣性最高的動物類群之一,土壤線蟲不僅在維持土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能中起著不可替代的作用,而且能夠反映土壤環(huán)境的微小變化。因此,線蟲的群落結(jié)構(gòu)可以用于指示土壤生態(tài)功能穩(wěn)定性的變化。本研究設(shè)置了幾個脅迫因素(銅、干燥、加熱和除草劑),通過測定脅迫下有機物料(小麥葉粉和水稻秸稈)的分解程度和土壤線蟲群落結(jié)構(gòu)的改變來反映土壤生態(tài)功能的穩(wěn)定性變化。首先探討了紅壤用量對線蟲分離效果的影響,以確定分離線蟲的最佳條件;其次研究單一脅迫(干燥、加熱和除草劑)及復合脅迫(干燥+加熱、干燥+加熱+除草劑)在三種不同的農(nóng)業(yè)管理措施(常規(guī)淹水、裸地旱作和秸稈覆蓋旱作)下對對土壤生態(tài)功能穩(wěn)定性的影響;最后,采用原位富集線蟲的方法,設(shè)置三種處理(大量線蟲、含有極少量線蟲、含有極少量線蟲但回接微生物群落),研究食細菌線蟲對銅或加熱脅迫下土壤生態(tài)功能穩(wěn)定性的影響。研究結(jié)果表明:對質(zhì)地較為粘重的紅壤土而言,建議采用150g且土壤厚度小于1.00cm的樣品量來分離線蟲;三種農(nóng)業(yè)管理措施下,施加脅迫對土壤微生物及線蟲活性、土壤養(yǎng)分含量及土壤生態(tài)功能穩(wěn)定性的影響差異并不顯著,且對土壤或生物因子變化的響應(yīng)近乎一致;復合脅迫較單一脅迫帶來的危害更大,尤其表現(xiàn)在對土壤線蟲數(shù)量的影響上;無論是在持續(xù)性的Cu脅迫還是在瞬間的熱脅迫下,添加大量線蟲的土壤中,其土壤呼吸值和土壤恢復力均顯著高于其他兩種添加少量線蟲的土壤.說明食細菌線蟲可以提高土壤的恢復力。綜上所述,本研究進一步明確了生物因素和非生物因素對土壤生態(tài)功能穩(wěn)定性的影響,即脅迫環(huán)境對有機物料的分解程度及土壤線蟲群落結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。研究表明,復合脅迫較單一脅迫對土壤生態(tài)功能穩(wěn)定性的破壞程度最高;土壤線蟲對土壤生態(tài)功能穩(wěn)定性有較好的指示作用;食細菌線蟲添加的數(shù)量越多對提高土壤的恢復能力更有幫助。
[Abstract]:The stability of soil ecological function is related to the sustainable development of human beings. Therefore, maintaining and improving the stability of soil ecological function is always a central problem in the field of soil ecology.The stability of soil ecological function is mainly affected by biological factors and abiotic factors.In recent years, the study on the influence of abiotic factors on soil ecological function stability has been continuing, but most of them focus on single stress, and few people study the effect of compound stress on soil ecological function stability.Because soil ecosystems are exposed to multiple stresses, it is necessary to study the changes of soil ecosystem functions under complex stress.As one of the largest and most diverse animal groups in soil, soil nematode not only plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining the function of soil ecosystem, but also can reflect the small changes of soil environment.Therefore, the community structure of nematodes can be used to indicate the change of soil ecological function stability.In this study, several stress factors (copper, dryness,The stability of soil ecological function was reflected by the decomposition degree of organic matter (wheat leaf powder and rice straw) and the change of soil nematode community structure under stress by heating and herbicide.The effects of the amount of red soil on the isolation of nematodes were studied in order to determine the optimum conditions for the isolation of nematodes, and then the single stress (drying, heating and herbicide) and the compound stress (drying heating) were studied.Effects of dry heating herbicide on soil ecological function stability under three different agricultural management measures (conventional flooding, dry field cultivation and straw mulching). Finally, the method of in situ enrichment of nematodes was used.Three treatments (a large number of nematodes containing a very small amount of nematodes and a very small amount of nematodes but a return microbial community) were set up to study the effects of bacterial nematode feeding on the ecological stability of soil under copper or heat stress.The results showed that, for red loam soil with relatively sticky texture, 150g sample with soil thickness less than 1.00cm should be used to isolate nematode, and under three agricultural management measures, soil microorganism and nematode activity should be subjected to stress.The effect of soil nutrient content and soil ecological function stability was not significant, and the response to soil or biological factors was almost the same, and the harm of compound stress was greater than that of single stress.In particular, the effect on the number of soil nematodes, whether under persistent Cu stress or transient heat stress, was found in the soil where a large number of nematodes were added to the soil.The soil respiration value and soil resilience were significantly higher than those of the other two kinds of soil supplemented with a small amount of nematodes.The results showed that bacterial nematodes could improve the resilience of soil.To sum up, the effects of biological and abiotic factors on the ecological functional stability of soil, namely, the degree of decomposition of organic materials and the structure of soil nematode community, were further clarified in this study.The results showed that the damage degree of soil ecological function stability was the highest under complex stress, and the soil nematode had better indication effect on soil ecological function stability.The more the addition of bacterial nematode to the soil, the more helpful it is to improve the resilience of soil.
【學位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S154.1

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