本文選題：內(nèi)蒙古荒漠　切入點(diǎn)：BSCs　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：荒漠化是全球最重要的生態(tài)和環(huán)境問(wèn)題之一,荒漠化對(duì)我國(guó)的危害和影響也極其嚴(yán)重。而內(nèi)蒙古又多荒漠,常被指為“沙塵暴”的禍源,是我國(guó)防治荒漠化的重點(diǎn)地區(qū)。生物土壤結(jié)皮(biological soil crusts, BSCs)能夠遏制土壤荒漠化,在荒漠生態(tài)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定、修復(fù)和重建中具有重要意義。微生物是BSCs的重要組成成分,在其發(fā)育形成過(guò)程中扮演重要角色。但是,內(nèi)蒙古荒漠BSCs及其相鄰下層土壤微生物群落組成尚不清楚,進(jìn)行相關(guān)研究可為明確微生物在BSCs的作用和功能提供佐證,并為相關(guān)微生物資源的開(kāi)發(fā)和利用奠定基礎(chǔ),具有重要的理論意義和實(shí)踐價(jià)值。基于Miseq高通量測(cè)序,本研究對(duì)比分析庫(kù)布齊和毛烏素荒漠在不同季節(jié)、不同類型BSCs及其緊鄰下層土壤中微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu),并結(jié)合理化性質(zhì)測(cè)定進(jìn)行微生物群落和環(huán)境因子關(guān)系的分析。研究結(jié)果和結(jié)論如下：(1)土壤理化性質(zhì)：BSCs的pH值、含水量小于其相應(yīng)下層土壤的,而有機(jī)質(zhì)、速效氮、葉綠素含量卻相反；同一地點(diǎn)同一類型樣品的相比較,pH為5月份高于9月份；BSCs速效氮含量為5月份低于9月份,而速效磷和有機(jī)質(zhì)含量變化相反；下層土壤速效氮、速效磷含量為5月份低于9月份,有機(jī)質(zhì)含量則相反。(2)微生物多樣性時(shí)空差異明顯：9月份的高于5月份的；BSCs中細(xì)菌的多樣性一般高于下層土壤的,而多數(shù)BSCs真菌多樣性低于下層土壤：毛烏素微生物多樣性高于庫(kù)布齊的。(3)群落結(jié)構(gòu)：5月份12個(gè)樣品細(xì)菌OTU有585-1130個(gè),優(yōu)勢(shì)群落有Proteobacteria (9.46%-39.99%)、Firmicutes (0.000035%-63.48%)、Acidobacteria (0.13%-40.89%)、ctinobacteria (4.71%-30.89%)、Bacteroidetes (1.92%-27.68%)、 Chloroflexi (0.19%-7.05%)、Cyanobacteria (0.034%-45.54%)、Gemmatimonadetes (0.013%-11.53%)。BSCs中以Proteobacteria、Cyanobacteria及Bacteroidetes為優(yōu)勢(shì)菌群,而下層土壤以Proteobacteria、 Acidobacteria和Actinobacteria為優(yōu)勢(shì)菌群；9月份11個(gè)樣品,細(xì)菌OTU有4348-7439個(gè),優(yōu)勢(shì)群落有Proteobacteria (26.91%-48.86%)、Bacteroidetes (2.52%-13.39%)、 Actinobacteria (7.33%-44.61%)、 Fusobacteria (0.00%-5.61%)、Acidobacteria (7.62%-23.50%)、Gemmatimonadetes (1.15%-6.77%)、Firmicutes (0.23%-9.35%)。BSCs中以Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes及Cyanobacteria而下層土壤以Proteobacteria、Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes為優(yōu)勢(shì)菌群。9月份真菌OTU有90-417個(gè),主要?jiǎng)澐譃?個(gè)門,分別有Zygomycota(接合菌門)(0.00%-9.770%)、Basidiomycota(擔(dān)子菌門)(0.00%-30.69%)、Glomeromycota(球囊菌門)(0.00%-0.12%)、Chytridiomycota(壺菌門)(0.00%-1.6%)、Ascomycota(子囊菌門)(7.28%-50.50%)及大部分未分類類群。(4)微生物群落與環(huán)境因子關(guān)系：土壤含水量、有機(jī)質(zhì)、葉綠素和pH對(duì)微生物群落組成影響較大,速效氮和速效磷對(duì)微生物群落分布影響較小。
[Abstract]:Desertification is one of the most important ecological and environmental problems in the world, and the damage and impact of desertification on China is extremely serious. Biological soil crusts (BSCs) can contain soil desertification and play an important role in the stabilization, restoration and reconstruction of desert ecosystems. Microbes are important components of BSCs. However, the composition of microbial communities in desert BSCs and its adjacent subsoil in Inner Mongolia is not clear. The relevant studies can provide evidence for determining the role and function of microbes in BSCs. It is of great theoretical and practical value for the exploitation and utilization of related microbial resources. Based on the high throughput sequencing of Miseq, this study compared and analyzed the desert of Kubuqi and Maowusu in different seasons. The relationship between microbial community and environmental factors in different types of BSCs and its adjacent subsoil was analyzed with physicochemical properties. The results and conclusions are as follows: (1) pH value of soil physical and chemical properties of BSCs. The contents of organic matter, available nitrogen and chlorophyll in the soil were lower than those in the corresponding subsoil, and the pH value in May was higher than that in September, and the content of available nitrogen in May was lower than that in September. The contents of available phosphorus and organic matter were opposite, and the available nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the lower soil were lower in May than in September. The difference of microbial diversity in September was higher than that in May, and the diversity of bacteria in BSCs was generally higher than that in lower soil. The majority of BSCs fungi diversity is lower than that of the lower soil: the structure of 12 samples of OTU in May is 585-1130, and the dominant community is Proteobacteria 9.46-39.9999. The dominant community is Proteobacteria 9.46-39.9999. The dominant community is Proteobacteria 9.46-39.9999. The dominant community is Proteobacteria 9.46-39.999. Firmicutes 0.000035-63.48. I am in the lower soil. I am in the position of 4.71-30.89Bacteroidetes 1.92-27.68m, Chloroflexi 0.19-7.05Cyanobacteria 0.034-45.5454. Gemmatimonianobacteria and Bacteroidetes are the dominant groups in BSCs. In the lower soil, there are 11 samples of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria as dominant flora in September, and 4348-7439 in bacterial OTU. The dominant communities are Proteobacteria 26.91-48.86tes 2.52- 13.3939, Actinobacteria 7.33-44.61, Fusobacteria 0.00-5.61a, Fusobacteria 0.00-5.61acidobacteria 7.62-23.50. Gemmatimonadetes 1.15-6.77Micutes 0.23-9.35.Bin order of Proteteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Cyanobacteria, there are OTU OTU Bacteroidetes in the lower soil. There are five main divisions, Zygomycota (0.00-9.7707) and Basidiomycotaa (Basidiomycotaa). The relationship between microbial community and environmental factors: soil water content, organic matter, soil water content, organic matter, Chlorophyll and pH had great influence on the composition of microbial community, and available nitrogen and phosphorus had little effect on the distribution of microbial community.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S154

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