本文選題：土地利用方式　切入點(diǎn)：有機(jī)碳　出處：《浙江師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土地利用方式出現(xiàn)差異或變化,有機(jī)碳與全氮含量也不相同,對(duì)全球氣候影響極大。本論文采用野外采集土樣與室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)分析相結(jié)合的辦法,在2014年6月、7月在婺江流域煙溪村、二環(huán)北區(qū)域進(jìn)行采樣,主要土地利用方式包括：油菜地、苗木地、菜地、黃豆地、棉花地、西瓜地六種土地利用方式,對(duì)其進(jìn)行了測(cè)定分析。通過研究探尋在土地利用類型不相同的情況下,土地利用對(duì)土壤有機(jī)碳、全氮、硝態(tài)氮、銨態(tài)氮、顆粒組分含量及其土壤理化性質(zhì)的影響,為提高農(nóng)田土壤生產(chǎn)功能、改善土壤中養(yǎng)分狀況、生態(tài)環(huán)境的健康發(fā)展提供依據(jù)。主要結(jié)論如下：1、不同土地利用土壤有機(jī)碳、全氮含量的分布特征(1)0～60cm土層,土地利用類型不一致的情況下,土壤剖面加深,有機(jī)碳含量逐漸減少。煙溪村土壤有機(jī)碳在土壤剖面的分布大體表現(xiàn)為：0～20cm土層20～40cm土層40～60cm土層。0～20cm土層,土壤有機(jī)碳含量大小順序：菜地苗木地油菜地黃豆地棉花地,菜地、苗木地、油菜地、黃豆地、棉花地土壤有機(jī)碳含量主要集中在0～20 cm土層,具有一定表聚性。0～60cm土層,菜地有機(jī)碳含量介于6.18～25.49g.kg-1,油菜地介于4.75～22.45g.kg-1黃豆地介于4.60～16.05 g.kg-1,苗木地介于6.81～21.85 g.kg-1,棉花地介于1.54～15.61g.kg-1。(2)土地利用類型不同,全氮含量表現(xiàn)出較大差異。0～10cm土層,菜地、苗木地全氮含量最高,分別為2.10g.kg-1,1.62g.kg-1。0～30cm土層,全氮排序：菜地苗木地黃豆地油菜地棉花地。油菜地、苗木地、菜地、黃豆地、棉花地五種土地利用類型全氮含量在0～30cm土層出現(xiàn)極大的分布特征與趨勢(shì)的差別,30cm以下相差不大。土壤全氮含量在垂直剖面的分布與有機(jī)碳較為接近。2、不同土地利用硝態(tài)氮和銨態(tài)氮的分布特征各土地利用類型硝態(tài)氮在0～40cm土層累積含量在0～60cm土層總量比重分別為：油菜地86%、苗木地74%、菜地75%、黃豆地87%、棉花地88%,菜地土壤0～40cm土層累積含量達(dá)到61.11mg.kg-1。菜地土壤硝態(tài)氮含量在0-60cm土層顯著高于其他土地利用類型,這主要是由于蔬菜類作物根系主要集中在土壤表層,有利于耕層土壤硝態(tài)氮聚合。土層剖面加深,油菜地、苗木地、菜地、黃豆地、棉花地土壤硝態(tài)氮含量均有不同程度的降低。總體看,土壤硝態(tài)氮在垂直剖面的分布表現(xiàn)為：0～20cm20～40cm40～60cm。銨態(tài)氮在整體的土壤剖面分布與硝態(tài)氮基本一致。3、不同土地利用方式土壤顆粒組成含量的差異不同土地利用,土壤顆粒顆粒粒級(jí)含量也不相同。按照美國的土壤機(jī)械組成劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),土壤顆粒組分分為三級(jí)：砂粒(0.05～2mm)、粉粒(0.002～0.05mm)、黏粒(0.002mm)。不同土地利用類型在同一土層,按0～10cm、10～20cm、20～30cm、30～40cm、40～50cm、50～60cm不同層次進(jìn)行分析比較,每一種土地在相應(yīng)土層砂粒、黏粒所占比重小,粉粒所占比重大,并且其含量超過50%。油菜地在土壤剖面20～30cm、40～50cm、50～60cm粉粒含量較低,黃豆地在土壤表層0～10cm粉粒所占百分比最高,30～40cm土層,各土地利用方式土壤顆粒組分各粒級(jí)所占體積百分比相差不大,棉花地在50～60cm土層與其他類型比較粉粒所占比例最大。同一土地利用類型下不同剖面間進(jìn)行比較土壤顆粒組分含量變化也不相同。0～60cm土層,油菜地、苗木地、菜地、黃豆地、棉花地土壤粒級(jí)含量所占比重表現(xiàn)為：粉粒砂粒黏粒,黏粒所占比重大于50%。綜合各種土地利用類型下土壤各粒級(jí)組分含量土壤質(zhì)地屬于粉壤或粉黏壤。
[Abstract]:Land use difference or variation of organic carbon and total nitrogen content is not the same, a great impact on the global climate. This paper adopts field collected soil samples and laboratory analysis method of combining, in June 2014, July in the smoke Creek Village of Wujiang River Basin, north of the ring area sampling, including the main land use type: rape, seedling, vegetable, soybean, cotton, watermelon, six kinds of land use, the analysis was conducted to explore. In the types of land use under the condition of the same through the study on soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, land use, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, particle content and its influence the physical and chemical properties of soil, in order to improve the production function of farmland soil, improve soil nutrient status, provide the basis for the healthy development of ecological environment. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. Soil organic carbon in different land use, the distribution characteristics of total nitrogen content (1) 0 ~ 60cm soil, land use types do not match, the depth of soil profiles, organic carbon content decreased gradually. The distribution of smoke village of soil organic carbon in the soil profile is roughly as follows: 0 ~ 20cm soil layer of 20 ~ 40cm, 40 ~ 60cm soil.0 ~ 20cm soil layer, soil organic carbon content in size order: Vegetable Seedling rape Rehmannia bean cotton, vegetable, seedling, rapeseed, soybean, soil organic carbon content in cotton soil mainly concentrated in 0~20 cm, with a certain accumulation of.0 ~ 60cm soil, vegetable organic carbon content ranging from 6.18 to 25.49g.kg-1, the rape was between 4.75 ~ 22.45g.kg-1 in soybean 4.60 ~ 16.05 g.kg-1, seedling ranged from 6.81 ~ 21.85 g.kg-1, cotton from 1.54 to 15.61g.kg-1. (2) in different land use types, total nitrogen content showed a greater difference between.0 ~ 10cm soil, vegetable, the total nitrogen content of seedling was highest, respectively. 2.10g.kg-1,1.62g.kg-1.0 ~ 30cm soil total nitrogen, ranking: vegetable bean seedlings Rehmannia rape. Rape cotton, seedling, vegetable, soybean, cotton, five kinds of land use types of total nitrogen content in 0 ~ 30cm soil layer distribution characteristics and trend of great difference, 30cm had no obvious difference. The content of soil total nitrogen and organic carbon vertical distribution is close to.2, the distribution characteristics of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the different land use types of nitrate nitrogen in 0 ~ 40cm soil accumulation content in 0 ~ 60cm soil layer the proportion of the total respectively in different land use: rape 86%, 74% vegetable seedlings, 75%, soybean 87%, cotton 88% and soil layer of 0 ~ 40cm, the cumulative content reached 61.11mg.kg-1. soil nitrate nitrogen content in 0-60cm soil layer was significantly higher than that of other types of land use, which is mainly due to the vegetable crop root mainly concentrated in the surface soil Layer, is conducive to soil nitrate polymerization. Soil profile deepened, rape, seedling, vegetable, soybean, cotton to reduce soil nitrate content in varying degrees. In general, the performance of soil nitrate distribution in the vertical profile: 0 ~ 20cm20 ~ 40cm40 ~ 60cm. ammonium nitrogen in the soil profile and nitrate overall consistent.3, differences between different land use patterns of soil particle composition in different land use, soil particle size is not the same. According to the soil mechanical composition of the classification standard of soil particles were divided into three levels: (0.05 ~ 2mm), sand powder the particle (0.002 ~ 0.05mm), clay (0.002mm). Different land use types in the same layer, at 0 ~ 10cm, 10 ~ 20cm, 20 ~ 30cm, 30 ~ 40cm, 40 ~ 50cm, 50 ~ 60cm different levels of analysis and comparison, each kind of soil in the corresponding layers of sand, clay the proportion of Small particles, accounting for more than a major, and its content is more than 50%. of rape in the soil profile of 20 ~ 30cm, 40 ~ 50cm, 50 ~ 60cm powder with low content of soybean, in 0 ~ 10cm soil particle with the highest percentage, 30 ~ 40cm soil layer, the land use patterns of soil particle group each grade the percentage of the volume is small, the cotton in 50 ~ 60cm soil layer compared with other types of powder accounted for the largest proportion. The same land use comparison of soil particle content change is different for different types of.0 ~ 60cm soil profiles, rapeseed, seedling, vegetable, soybean cotton, soil particle content proportion is as follows: sand silt clay, clay proportion is larger than the 50%. of various types of land use under different soil particle fractions in soil texture belong to silt loam or silty clay loam soil.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S153.6

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