本文選題：現(xiàn)代主義　切入點(diǎn)：后現(xiàn)代主義　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：改革開放后,中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)加快了由傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)向西式現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)(也稱石油農(nóng)業(yè))的轉(zhuǎn)型進(jìn)程,雖然成效顯著,但卻引發(fā)了農(nóng)村環(huán)境污染、能源消耗、土壤破壞、健康隱患、社會(huì)分化等諸多問(wèn)題。近年來(lái),部分中外學(xué)者受世界哲學(xué)思潮由現(xiàn)代主義向后現(xiàn)代主義轉(zhuǎn)向的啟發(fā),探討了世界以及中國(guó)的后現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展問(wèn)題,極大地拓展了新時(shí)期中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)型的思維空間。現(xiàn)代主義的基本思想源自14世紀(jì)以來(lái)歐洲的文藝復(fù)興、宗教改革和啟蒙三大運(yùn)動(dòng),其歷史功績(jī)?cè)谟趲椭祟悢[脫了對(duì)神和自然的迷信,推動(dòng)了資本主義發(fā)展和世界現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程。以反撥和超越現(xiàn)代主義為主要旨趣的后現(xiàn)代主義興起于1960年代,一般被區(qū)分為否定性后現(xiàn)代主義和建設(shè)性后現(xiàn)代主義,前者側(cè)重解構(gòu),后者側(cè)重建構(gòu)。后現(xiàn)代主義對(duì)現(xiàn)代主義的反撥和超越主要體現(xiàn)在:(1)世界整體論對(duì)人類主體論的反撥與超越:包括主客消融論對(duì)主客二分論、自然價(jià)值論對(duì)二元對(duì)立論、主體間性論對(duì)人類中心論的反撥與超越。(2)多元互補(bǔ)論對(duì)中心外圍論的反撥與超越:包括相對(duì)理性論對(duì)絕對(duì)理性論、價(jià)值多元論對(duì)單元價(jià)值論、尊重他者論對(duì)中心主導(dǎo)論的反撥與超越。(3)厚道科學(xué)論對(duì)科學(xué)至上論的反撥與超越:包括有機(jī)整體論對(duì)機(jī)械還原論、技術(shù)審慎論對(duì)科技萬(wàn)能論、道義相融論對(duì)科學(xué)中立論的反撥與超越。現(xiàn)代主義對(duì)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展存在著積極影響。具體體現(xiàn)在:(1)推崇人類主體論對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)發(fā)展的積極影響:主客二分論促進(jìn)改造農(nóng)業(yè)自然條件;二元對(duì)立論促進(jìn)改進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)工具;人類中心論促進(jìn)變革農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式。(2)推崇中心外圍論對(duì)以城帶鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展的積極影響:絕對(duì)理性論促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化進(jìn)程;單元價(jià)值論促進(jìn)農(nóng)村城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程;中心主導(dǎo)論促進(jìn)農(nóng)民市民化進(jìn)程。(3)推崇科學(xué)至上論對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)科技發(fā)展的積極影響:機(jī)械還原論促進(jìn)工業(yè)科技擴(kuò)散農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域;科技萬(wàn)能論促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新不斷升級(jí);科學(xué)中立論促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)科技成果推廣應(yīng)用。通過(guò)灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析,可以得出現(xiàn)代主義對(duì)中國(guó)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生積極影響的主因子�，F(xiàn)代主義對(duì)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展存在著消極影響。具體體現(xiàn)在:(1)張揚(yáng)人類主體論引致農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生的消極影響:主客二分論致使農(nóng)村生態(tài)環(huán)境受損;二元對(duì)立論致使農(nóng)業(yè)資源能源巨耗;人類中心論致使農(nóng)業(yè)物種系統(tǒng)失衡。(2)張揚(yáng)中心外圍論引致以城帶鄉(xiāng)產(chǎn)生的消極影響:絕對(duì)理性論致使城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)固化;單元價(jià)值論致使傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)村風(fēng)貌喪失;中心主導(dǎo)論致使農(nóng)民行為觀念異化。(3)張揚(yáng)科學(xué)至上論引致農(nóng)業(yè)科技產(chǎn)生的消極影響:機(jī)械還原論致使傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)耕技術(shù)隱退;科技萬(wàn)能論致使農(nóng)業(yè)科技風(fēng)險(xiǎn)頻發(fā);科學(xué)中立論致使農(nóng)業(yè)科技成果濫用。通過(guò)灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析,可以得出現(xiàn)代主義對(duì)中國(guó)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生消極影響的主因子。主要基于重要性和可行性原則,考慮農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的“收益-成本”對(duì)比,選取22項(xiàng)指標(biāo)構(gòu)成中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化效益水平評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,運(yùn)用灰色優(yōu)勢(shì)分析法進(jìn)行指標(biāo)賦權(quán),采用多指標(biāo)綜合加權(quán)平均法對(duì)這一時(shí)期中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的效益水平進(jìn)行定量分析。(1)1981-2012年農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化收益指數(shù)C總體處于加速上升的態(tài)勢(shì)。(2)1981-2012年農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化成本指數(shù)T的波動(dòng)軌跡為一個(gè)“S”型走勢(shì),即指數(shù)T以2002年為界先加速上升后減速上升。(3)1981-2012年農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化效益指數(shù)M的波動(dòng)軌跡為一個(gè)不規(guī)則的“V”字形走勢(shì),即指數(shù)M以2002年為界先加速下降后加速上升。世界整體論對(duì)生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)建設(shè)的啟示意義是:必須強(qiáng)調(diào)農(nóng)業(yè)自然資源的生命體意識(shí);必須強(qiáng)調(diào)集約利用資源的全過(guò)程意識(shí);必須強(qiáng)調(diào)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)的泛利潤(rùn)意識(shí)。基于世界整體論的生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)建設(shè)路徑包括:弘揚(yáng)主客消融改善農(nóng)村環(huán)境質(zhì)量;弘揚(yáng)自然價(jià)值構(gòu)建低碳農(nóng)業(yè)體系;弘揚(yáng)主體間性維護(hù)農(nóng)業(yè)物種平衡。多元互補(bǔ)論對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展的啟示意義是:必須強(qiáng)調(diào)農(nóng)村社會(huì)的價(jià)值獨(dú)立意識(shí);必須強(qiáng)調(diào)城鄉(xiāng)社會(huì)的互動(dòng)互補(bǔ)意識(shí);必須強(qiáng)調(diào)社會(huì)運(yùn)行的頂層調(diào)控意識(shí)�；诙嘣パa(bǔ)論的城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展路徑包括:弘揚(yáng)相對(duì)理性推動(dòng)城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ);弘揚(yáng)價(jià)值多元彰顯鄉(xiāng)村特有建設(shè)風(fēng)貌;弘揚(yáng)尊重他者鼓勵(lì)城鄉(xiāng)文明良性互動(dòng)。厚道科學(xué)論對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)科技規(guī)制的啟示意義是:必須強(qiáng)調(diào)傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)耕技術(shù)的科學(xué)理性意識(shí);必須強(qiáng)調(diào)農(nóng)業(yè)科技應(yīng)用的倫理道德意識(shí);必須強(qiáng)調(diào)農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范意識(shí)。基于厚道科學(xué)論的農(nóng)業(yè)科技規(guī)制路徑包括:弘揚(yáng)有機(jī)整體繼承創(chuàng)新傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)耕智慧;弘揚(yáng)技術(shù)審慎推進(jìn)管控農(nóng)業(yè)科技風(fēng)險(xiǎn);弘揚(yáng)道義相融引導(dǎo)善用農(nóng)業(yè)科技成果。
[Abstract]:After the reform and opening up, accelerate the Chinese agriculture from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture (also known as the western Petroleum agriculture) transformation process, though effective, but cause the rural environmental pollution, energy consumption, soil damage and health risks, many problems of social differentiation. In recent years, some foreign scholars are inspired by modern philosophy thoughts in the world postmodernism ideology, discusses the problems of the development of modern agriculture and the world China, greatly expand the new period of agricultural development China transformation thinking space. The basic idea of the source of modern Europe since fourteenth Century the Renaissance, religious reformation and Enlightenment Movement in three, its historical achievements in helping humans get rid of superstitious God and nature, to promote the development of capitalism and the process of modernization in the world. The backwash and Transcendence of modernism as the main purport of postmodernism emerged in 196 In 0s, are generally divided into negative postmodernism and constructive postmodernism, deconstruction of the former, the latter construction. Post modernism to modernism washback and beyond is mainly reflected in: (1) the whole world of human subject on Washback and Transcendence: on the two and includes the main ablation the theory, theory of natural value of two yuan for the argument, the inter subjectivity theory of human centered backwash and beyond. (2) plural Complementarism of center periphery theory backwash and beyond: including the relative rationality theory of absolute rationality, value pluralism of unit value theory, respect for the other on the center the leading theory of backwash and beyond. (3) of the supremacy of science backwash and beyond kind scientific theory: including organic whole theory on reduction of machinery, technology of science and technology on prudent universal theory, moral theory of science blending argument washback and transcendence. Modernism on modern agriculture 涓氬彂灞曞瓨鍦ㄧ潃縐瀬褰卞搷.鍏蜂綋浣撶幇鍦，

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