本文選題：燕山　切入點(diǎn)：京東板栗　出處：《河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：京東板栗區(qū)位于燕山山脈,主要地層有太古界、元古界和新生界。板栗多生長在土壤母質(zhì)為花崗片麻巖殘坡積物的丘陵或臺(tái)地上,土壤類型多為淋溶褐土。近年來,板栗種植面積逐漸增加,新品種逐漸替代老品種,生產(chǎn)施肥中凸顯不科學(xué)施肥導(dǎo)致板栗樹體生長過旺、果實(shí)空蓬率高、產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)降低等系列問題。針對(duì)上述問題,本文宏觀上從地形地貌、土壤母質(zhì)、成土?xí)r間、人為耕種施肥等影響土壤成土過程的主要因素為切入點(diǎn),結(jié)合大面積的土壤養(yǎng)分測(cè)定,土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀與二次土壤普查結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較,系統(tǒng)研究京東板栗區(qū)不同地質(zhì)年代、地形地貌、土壤母質(zhì)下的土壤養(yǎng)分狀況,30年間土壤養(yǎng)分的變化。微觀上采用氮、磷、鉀和有機(jī)肥在板栗上產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)效應(yīng)的肥料定位試驗(yàn),系統(tǒng)研究氮、磷、鉀和有機(jī)肥對(duì)板栗樹生長、產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響等。這對(duì)于解決板栗平衡施肥的理論與技術(shù)具有重要意義。主要研究結(jié)果:1隨著海拔高度的逐漸降低土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、有效磷、速效鉀的含量值逐漸增大,即:盆地臺(tái)地低丘陵。2京東板栗區(qū)土壤養(yǎng)分現(xiàn)狀:土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、有效磷、速效鉀含量分別為10.66~19.45 g/kg、0.76~0.93g/kg、8.38~22.10mg/kg、73.09~128.36mg/kg。1982-2012年間土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、有效磷和速效鉀含量分別增加0.66~2.25g/kg、0.14~0.25 g/kg、11.95~21.59mg/kg、6.05~60.34 mg/kg。百年栗樹區(qū)土壤養(yǎng)分含量顯著低于新栽栗樹區(qū)。3施用氮、磷、鉀肥顯著增加板栗的產(chǎn)量,其中,氮素主要通過增加板栗樹的栗蓬數(shù)和單蓬粒數(shù)、降低空蓬率而增產(chǎn);磷素主要通過降低空蓬率而增產(chǎn)、鉀素通過增加栗蓬數(shù)和單粒重來增產(chǎn);氮磷鉀對(duì)板栗產(chǎn)量的貢獻(xiàn)率為:N、KP。有機(jī)肥與等量氮磷鉀化肥比較,板栗產(chǎn)量無顯著差異,6月份追施適量鉀肥明顯提高果重、降低空蓬率。5板栗樹地上部各組織氮磷鉀養(yǎng)分的分配:6年樹齡板栗樹地上部氮磷鉀吸收量按100%計(jì)算,其中枝干吸收氮磷鉀分別占到樹體吸收氮磷鉀總量的47.6%、59.2%、55.8%,葉片分別占22.6%、26.7%、14.4%,栗蓬分別占18.3%、4.7%、12.7%,栗果(栗仁和栗皮)分別占11.5%,9.4%,17.1%,其中栗仁分別占10.3%、9.0%、16.4%。6百公斤栗果所形成的果實(shí)(栗蓬、栗果)所含氮、磷、鉀的量分別為3.85kg、0.58kg、1.11kg,其中栗蓬吸收量分別占58.9%、31.5%、31.8%,栗果(栗仁和栗皮)分別占41.1%、68.5%、68.2%,栗仁分別占38.0%、65.6%//66.8%。栗蓬全氮為1.05%、全磷為0.042%、全鉀為0.14%;栗仁全氮為1.73%、全磷為0.24%、全鉀為0.52%;栗皮全氮為0.73%、全磷為0.034%、全鉀為0.081%。7當(dāng)N、P2O5、K2O用量54kg/hm2時(shí),土壤氮磷鉀收支表觀平衡均為盈,該立地條件6年左右樹齡的板栗樹N、P2O5、K2O推薦用量略低于54kg/hm2。
[Abstract]:JingDong Chestnut region is located in the Yanshan Mountains. The main strata are the Archean, Proterozoic and Cenozoic. Chestnut grows on the hills or terraces where the parent material is the residual slope of granitic gneiss, and the soil types are mostly leached cinnamon soil. The growing area of Chinese chestnut gradually increased, the new variety gradually replaced the old variety, and the unscientific fertilization in production resulted in a series of problems, such as excessive growth of chestnut tree body, high fruit cover rate, low yield and quality, etc. In this paper, the main factors affecting the soil forming process, such as topography and landform, soil parent material, soil forming time, artificial cultivation and fertilization, are taken as the breakthrough point, and combined with the determination of soil nutrients in a large area. The present situation of soil nutrients was compared with the results of the second soil survey, and the changes of soil nutrients under different geological ages, landforms, and parent materials were studied systematically in JingDong Chestnut region during the past 30 years. The effects of potassium and organic fertilizer on the yield and quality of chestnut were studied systematically, and the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic fertilizer on the growth of chestnut were systematically studied. The effects of yield and quality on yield and quality are of great significance to the theory and technology of balanced fertilization of Chinese chestnut. The main results of this study are that the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil gradually increased with the increase of altitude of the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. I. e.: the present situation of soil nutrients in the low hilly area of JingDong in the basin: soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were 10.661.45 g / kg 路kg ~ (-1) 0.76 ~ 0.76 ~ 0.93 g / kg ~ (-1) 0.38% ~ 22.10 mg / kg ~ (-1) 73.09% ~ 128.36 mg / kg 路kg ~ (-1) during 1982-2012, respectively. The contents of available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 0.66 ~ 2.25g 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) ~ (0.25) g / kg ~ (11.95) ~ 21.59 mg / kg ~ (-1) 6.05 ~ 60.34 mg / kg 路kg ~ (-1) respectively. The nutrient content of soil in 100 years chestnut region was significantly lower than that in newly planted chestnut area (N, P, K), and the yield of Chinese chestnut was significantly increased. Nitrogen increased yield mainly by increasing the number of chestnut and monopodium seeds, phosphorus increased by reducing the percentage of chestnut, potassium increased by increasing the number of chestnut and single seed weight. The contribution rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to the yield of chestnut was: 1. Compared with the same amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, there was no significant difference in the yield of chestnut. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N, P and K) in the shoot tissue of chestnut tree were reduced by 5. 5%. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake of shoot part of 6 years old chestnut tree was calculated as 100%. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by branches accounted for 47.6% of the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by trees, and 55.8% of the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by the tree. The leaves accounted for 22.60.26.7% of the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the leaves accounted for 22.6m26.7% of the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by the tree, respectively, and the chestnut trees (chestnut nuts and chestnut bark) accounted for 12.7% of the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by the tree, and the chestnut kernels accounted for 10.3% 9.0kg of chestnut and 16.4.6 kg of fruit respectively. Chestnut) containing nitrogen, phosphorus, The amount of potassium was 3.85 kg / 0.58 kg / kg and 1.11 kg, respectively. The absorption amount of chestnut was 58.9% and 31.5%, respectively. Chestnut fruit (chestnut kernel and chestnut peel) accounted for 41.1% 68.58.2%, and chestnut kernel accounted for 65.6% / 66.8kg, respectively. The total nitrogen, total phosphorus and potassium were 1.0555, 1.042 and 0.14; the total nitrogen of chestnut was 1.73, the total phosphorus was 0.2424 and the total potassium was 0.52B. the total nitrogen of chestnut skin was 1.730.The total phosphorus was 0.242.The total potassium was 0.52kg. 0.73, total phosphorus 0.034, total potassium 0.081.7 when N P 2O 5 K 2O dosage 54 kg / hm 2, The apparent balance of N, P, K, N, P and K in the soil was all surplus, and the recommended amount of N, P, P, O and K _ 2O in the chestnut trees aged about 6 years was slightly lower than 54 kg 路hm ~ (2) 路hm ~ (2).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S664.2;S158

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