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  本文選題：吉林省　切入點：生態(tài)區(qū)　出處：《土壤學報》2016年06期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：整理2005—2013年吉林省"3414"田間試驗,選取不施氮和推薦施氮處理數據,研究不同生態(tài)區(qū)玉米的氮肥施用效果和肥料利用效率現狀,探討區(qū)域差異及其影響因素。結果顯示,吉林省不同生態(tài)區(qū)的玉米產量水平差異顯著,總體上以中部半濕潤平原區(qū)最高,其次是東部濕潤山區(qū),西部半干旱平原區(qū)相對較低。不同生態(tài)區(qū)玉米施氮效果也存在差異,其中東部最高,施氮的平均增產量與增產率分別為2.44 t hm-2和38.4%,其次為中部(2.40 t hm-2,34.3%),西部則顯著偏低(2.21 t hm-2,33.4%)。相比中、西部地區(qū),東部地區(qū)玉米的氮肥利用效率顯著較高,其平均氮肥農學利用率、偏生產力和肥料貢獻率分別為16.6 kg kg-1、65.9 kg kg-1和25.0%。隨不施氮處理產量的提高,各生態(tài)區(qū)施氮處理產量均呈上升趨勢而氮肥貢獻率呈下降趨勢,其中,西部地區(qū)的相對變幅較中、東部地區(qū)更為明顯�？梢�,應根據區(qū)域氣候環(huán)境條件和施氮響應特征對氮肥進行合理的配置與施用,建議吉林中部地區(qū)以維持作物需求為標準適當減少施氮量,東部地區(qū)可適度增加施氮量并配合栽培措施以消減光溫資源不足對產量的限制,而西部地區(qū)應在培肥地力基礎上推廣高效節(jié)水用水技術,發(fā)揮水氮耦合效應以促進高產高效。
[Abstract]:The field experiment of "3414" in Jilin Province from 2005 to 2013 was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application and fertilizer utilization efficiency of maize in different ecological areas, and to explore the regional differences and their influencing factors. The yield levels of maize in different ecological areas of Jilin Province were significantly different. In general, the middle half humid plain was the highest, followed by the eastern humid mountain area, and the western semi-arid plain was relatively low. There were also differences in the effect of nitrogen application on maize in different ecological areas. The average yield and yield rate of N application were 2.44t hm-2 and 38.4 t respectively in the east, followed by 2.40t 路h ~ (-2) 路m ~ (-2) 路min ~ (-3) C in the middle part, and (2.21 t 路m ~ (-2)) ~ (33. 4) C ~ (33) in the west, respectively. Compared with the western region, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of corn in the eastern region was significantly higher than that in the western region. The average agronomic utilization efficiency, partial productivity and contribution rate of nitrogen fertilizer were 16.6 kg kg kg 路kg -1 ~ (-1) kg-1 and 25.0 kg / kg, respectively. With the increase of yield of no nitrogen application treatment, the yield of nitrogen application treatment showed an upward trend and the contribution rate of nitrogen fertilizer decreased in all ecological areas. The relative variation in the western region is more obvious than in the eastern region. It can be seen that the rational allocation and application of nitrogen fertilizer should be carried out according to the regional climatic and environmental conditions and the characteristics of nitrogen application response. It is suggested that in the central region of Jilin Province, the amount of nitrogen should be reduced according to the standard of maintaining crop demand, and that the amount of nitrogen applied in the eastern region could be increased moderately and combined with the cultivation measures in order to reduce the restriction on the yield caused by the shortage of light and temperature resources. In the west of China, high efficiency water-saving water use technology should be popularized on the basis of fertilizing soil fertility, and the coupling effect of water and nitrogen should be brought into play in order to promote high yield and high efficiency.
【作者單位】： 吉林農業(yè)大學資源與環(huán)境學院/吉林省商品糧基地土壤資源可持續(xù)利用重點實驗室;吉林省土壤肥料總站;
【基金】：國家現代農業(yè)玉米產業(yè)技術體系項目(CARS-02) 公益性行業(yè)(農業(yè))科研專項項目(201103003)資助~~
【分類號】：S513;S143.1

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