發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-06 22:20

  本文選題：根系　切入點(diǎn)：固土　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文以3-4年生(4年生為主)5種內(nèi)蒙古中西部地區(qū)常見的水土保持植物：檸條(Caragana microphylla Lam.)、沙柳(Salix psammophila C.wang et Ch.Y.Yang)、沙地柏(Sabina vulgaris Ant.)、白沙蒿(Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch.)和沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.)為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)飽和含水率條件下5種植物根-土復(fù)合體抗剪特性、影響5種植物根系固土主導(dǎo)力學(xué)因素、5種植物根系固土能力差異性和除沙地柏以外的4種植物枝葉與根系固土抗蝕差異性進(jìn)行研究,得出以下結(jié)論：(1)針對(duì)春季土壤干旱和夏季土壤飽和含水兩種條件,對(duì)影響5種植物根系固土的10項(xiàng)指標(biāo)(直根抗拉強(qiáng)度、代表根本構(gòu)特征、代表根彈性模量、側(cè)根分支處抗拉強(qiáng)度、累計(jì)根表面積、拉拔摩阻特性、根-土界面摩擦系數(shù)、累計(jì)根長(zhǎng)、根-土復(fù)合體粘聚力、根-土復(fù)合體內(nèi)摩擦角)進(jìn)行主成分分析。結(jié)果表明,根系抗拉力學(xué)特性是影響植物根系固土的主導(dǎo)力學(xué)因素,其次為根-土界面摩阻特性,最后是根-土復(fù)合體抗剪特性。(2)在主成分分析結(jié)果基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)兩種條件下5種植物根系固土能力的差異性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),結(jié)果顯示,根系固土指數(shù)為：春季土壤干旱,檸條(0.834)沙柳(0.303)＞沙地柏(-0.066)白沙蒿(-0.206)沙棘(-0.864)；夏季土壤飽和含水,檸條(0.876)＞沙地柏(0.218)沙柳(0.065)白沙蒿(-0.404)沙棘(-0.755)。建立根系固土理想模型,對(duì)10項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的最優(yōu)值進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),結(jié)果顯示,春季土壤干旱和夏季土壤飽和含水條件理想模型的固土指數(shù)分別為1.415和1.485。(3)針對(duì)春季大風(fēng)和夏季土壤飽和含水兩種條件,在10項(xiàng)根系固土指標(biāo)的基礎(chǔ)上增加3項(xiàng)防風(fēng)指標(biāo)(單株防風(fēng)效能、林帶防風(fēng)效能、群落防風(fēng)效能)。兩個(gè)時(shí)期4種植物枝葉與根系固土抗蝕的差異性評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果表明,枝葉與根系固土抗蝕指數(shù)為：春季大風(fēng),沙柳(0.841)檸條(0.454)白沙蒿(-0.466)沙棘(-0.829)；夏季土壤飽和含水,檸條(0.841)沙柳(0.474)白沙蒿(-0.470)沙棘(-0.844)。春季大風(fēng)和夏季土壤飽和含水條件下,理想模型固土抗蝕指數(shù)分別為1.393和1.442。(4)飽和含水率條件下,根-土復(fù)合體抗剪強(qiáng)度在5種植物間差異顯著。5種植物根-土復(fù)合體的抗剪強(qiáng)度在4種垂直荷載下均高于素土。在根系密集分布層內(nèi),根-土復(fù)合體抗剪強(qiáng)度的大小排序依次為：沙柳沙地柏沙棘檸條白沙蒿。5種植物根-土復(fù)合體粘聚力值均高于素土,變化范圍為14.76%-21.50%,內(nèi)摩擦角變化規(guī)律不明顯,變化范圍為-4.90%-5.16%。
[Abstract]:In this paper, 3-4 years old (4 years old, 5 species of common soil and water conservation plants in central and western Inner Mongolia: Caragana microphylla Lam.Zhang, Salix psammophila C. Wang et Ch.Y.Yang, Sabina vulgaris Ant., Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch.) and Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. were studied. The shear resistance of five plant root-soil complexes under saturated water content was studied. The main mechanical factors affecting the soil fixation of five plant roots were studied. The differences of soil fixation ability of five plant roots and the soil fixation resistance of four plants except cypress were studied. The following conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) in view of the soil drought in spring and saturated water in summer, 10 indexes (tensile strength, root tensile strength, root elastic modulus and elastic modulus of root) affecting the consolidation of 5 plant roots are studied. The principal component analysis was carried out on the tensile strength, cumulative root surface area, pullout friction characteristics, friction coefficient of root-soil interface, cumulative root length, adhesion of root-soil complex and internal friction angle of root-soil complex at lateral root branch. Root tensile properties are the dominant mechanical factors affecting the soil fixation of plant roots, followed by the root-soil interface friction characteristics, and finally the root-soil complex shear resistance. 2) based on the results of principal component analysis, The difference of soil fixation ability of root system of five plants under two conditions was evaluated. The results showed that the soil fixation index of root system was: spring soil drought, Caragana korshinskii 0.834) Saussuliu 0.303) > Phellodendron spp. -0.066) Artemisia artemisia-0.206) Hippophae rhamnoides in summer, the saturated water content of soil in summer. Caragana korshinskii 0.876) > Phellodendron korshinskii 0.218) Sagittio (0.065)) Artemisia albicans (-0.404)) Hippophae rhamnoides L. ideal model of soil fixation by root system was established, and the optimum values of 10 indexes were evaluated, the results showed that, The soil consolidation index of the ideal model of soil drought in spring and saturated water in summer is 1.415 and 1.485.53 respectively. On the basis of 10 soil fixation indexes of root system, there were 3 wind-proof indexes (wind-proof efficiency of single plant, wind-proof effect of forest belt, wind-proof effect of community). The results showed that the difference of erosion resistance between branches, leaves and roots of four plants in two periods was significant. The soil erosion resistance index of branches, leaves and roots were: spring gale, Phyllostachys korshinskii (0.841)) Caragana korshinskii (0.454)) Hippophae rhamnoides, (-0.466) Hippophae rhamnoides, summer soil saturated water content, Caragana korshinskii (0.474)) Hippophae rhamnoides (-0.844). Under the condition of saturated water content of the ideal model, the corrosion resistance index of the solid soil is 1.393 and 1.442.t4, respectively. The shear strength of root-soil complex was significantly higher than that of plain soil under four vertical loads, and the shear strength of root soil complex was higher than that of plain soil under four vertical loads. The order of shear strength of root-soil complex is as follows: the cohesion of 5 species of Artemisia korshinskii is higher than that of plain soil, the range of variation is 14.76 -21.50, and the change of internal friction angle is not obvious, ranging from -4.90 to 5.16.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S157

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