華南紅壤區(qū)坡面產(chǎn)流產(chǎn)沙對(duì)植被的響應(yīng)
本文選題:坡面水蝕 切入點(diǎn):植被 出處:《水利學(xué)報(bào)》2017年05期 論文類型:期刊論文
【摘要】:植被對(duì)坡面水蝕具有重要影響,其減水、減沙效益廣受關(guān)注。以廣東省五華縣源坑水小流域2011—2014年的徑流小區(qū)次降雨水沙觀測數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),分別在次降雨、月、年及不同降雨區(qū)間討論植物類型差異、月際植被蓋度變化、年際植物生長及不同次降雨量對(duì)坡面產(chǎn)流、產(chǎn)沙的影響。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)在次降雨尺度,植物小區(qū)平均減沙效益、減水效益分別為24.77%、12.95%,其減沙效益大于減水效益;(2)在各降雨區(qū)間,相較于裸土小區(qū),桉樹、松樹和糖蜜草小區(qū)分別在次降雨量為20~30 mm、20~40 mm和20~50 mm的降雨區(qū)間具有較為顯著的減沙效益。松樹和糖蜜草在次降雨量為10~50 mm的降雨區(qū)間均具有顯著的減水效益。但在次降雨量50mm的降雨區(qū)間植物的減沙、減水效益均不顯著。(3)在月尺度上,各徑流小區(qū)產(chǎn)流、產(chǎn)沙量均無顯著差異。但由于月際植被蓋度的變化,不同月份植物減沙效益數(shù)值順序存在一定變化,但植物減水效益數(shù)值順序較為穩(wěn)定均呈現(xiàn)為糖蜜草松樹桉樹。(4)在年尺度上,桉樹,松樹和糖蜜草的減沙、減水效益區(qū)間分別為7.00%~38.66%、2.98%~8.76%,7.74%~37.30%、6.67%~19.67%和8.35%~45.33%、10.00%~23.36%。各徑流小區(qū)年均次降雨產(chǎn)流、產(chǎn)沙數(shù)值順序均呈現(xiàn)裸土小區(qū)桉樹小區(qū)松樹小區(qū)糖蜜草小區(qū)。各植物小區(qū)的減水效益與減沙效益相一致,表明相較于植物通過改變水沙關(guān)系減沙而言,植物主要是通過減水來減沙。
[Abstract]:Vegetation has an important influence on slope water erosion, and its water reduction and sediment reduction benefit are paid more attention to. Based on the observation data of runoff area water and sediment from 2011 to 2014 in the Yuankengshui small watershed of Wuhua County, Guangdong Province, respectively, The difference of plant types, the variation of intermonthly vegetation coverage, the effects of interannual plant growth and different rainfall on runoff and sediment yield on slope surface were discussed in different rainfall periods. The results showed that: 1) on the scale of secondary rainfall, the average benefit of sediment reduction in plant plots was obtained. The benefit of water reduction is 24.770.95, and the benefit of sediment reduction is greater than that of water reduction. (2) in each rainfall area, compared with bare soil plot, eucalyptus, Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus, Pine and molasses plot have significant sediment reduction benefit in the rainfall range of 20 ~ 30 mm ~ 20 mm ~ 40 mm and 20 ~ 50 mm, respectively. Both pine tree and molasses grass have significant water reduction benefit in a rainfall range of 10 ~ 50 mm. Plant sediment reduction at a rainfall interval of 50 mm per second rainfall, There was no significant difference in runoff and sediment yield between different runoff plots on monthly scale, but the numerical sequence of plant sediment reduction benefit varied from month to month due to the change of monthly vegetation coverage. However, the numerical order of plant water reduction benefit is relatively stable: on the annual scale, Eucalyptus, pine and molasses are the main components of Eucalyptus, pine and molasses. On the annual scale, the water reduction benefit ranges of eucalyptus, pine and molasses are 7.00, 38.66, 2.98, 7.76, 37.30, 6.6719.67% and 8.35, 45.3310.00 and 23.360.The average annual rainfall yield of each runoff plot is 23.360.The results show that. The numerical sequence of sediment yield in eucalyptus plot of bare soil area showed molasses plot of pine tree plot in bare soil plot. The benefit of water reduction and sediment reduction of each plant plot was consistent with that of sediment reduction, which indicated that compared with that of plants by changing the relationship between water and sediment, Plants reduce sand mainly by reducing water.
【作者單位】: 廣東省生態(tài)環(huán)境與土壤研究所廣東省農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境綜合治理重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中山大學(xué)地理科學(xué)與規(guī)劃學(xué)院;廣東省五華縣水土保持試驗(yàn)推廣站;
【基金】:廣東省自然科學(xué)基金研究團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目(S2012030006144) 廣東省水利廳委托項(xiàng)目(GPCGD112197FT141F1) 國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41171221,41471020) 廣東省科學(xué)院青年科學(xué)研究基金項(xiàng)目(qnjj201404) 廣東省中國科學(xué)院全面戰(zhàn)略合作項(xiàng)目(2013B091500077) 省院創(chuàng)新平臺(tái)建設(shè)專項(xiàng)(2016GDASPT-0105)
【分類號(hào)】:S157
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