本文關(guān)鍵詞： 侵蝕 試驗 土壤 黃土高原 退耕還林 土壤分離能力 細(xì)溝可蝕性 臨界剪切力　出處：《農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報》2017年10期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：為了明確黃土高原植被恢復(fù)后不斷蓄積的枯落物對土壤分離過程的影響,論文選取10、15、20、30、40a退耕年限刺槐林樣地及對照樣地,采集180個土壤樣品用于土壤分離試驗,在6組侵蝕動力條件下進(jìn)行變坡水槽沖刷試驗,結(jié)果表明:隨著退耕年限的增大,刺槐林土壤結(jié)構(gòu)趨于穩(wěn)定且疏松多孔,40年刺槐林地與對照樣地相比:容重降低12.9%、總孔隙度增加10.1%、毛管孔隙度增加62.4%,土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量增加97.9%、水穩(wěn)性團(tuán)聚體增加112.3%。土壤分離能力均值隨著林齡呈指數(shù)函數(shù)遞減(R~2=0.82、P0.05)。在退耕0~40年范圍內(nèi),在0~15 a內(nèi)土壤分離能力下降迅速,對照、10 a刺槐林地、15年刺槐林地之間的土壤分離能力差異顯著(P0.05),退耕15 a以后土壤分離能力趨于穩(wěn)定。40 a林齡刺槐林細(xì)溝可蝕性比對照的細(xì)溝可蝕性降低86.3%,臨界剪切力提高10.1%。土壤臨界剪切力變化范圍在4.15~4.78 Pa之間。細(xì)溝可蝕性的變化趨勢與土壤分離能力變化趨勢相似,相比臨界剪切力的變化,細(xì)溝可蝕性的變化更能反映土壤分離能力的變化情況。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the effect of litter accumulation after vegetation restoration on soil separation process, 180 soil samples were collected for soil separation test in this paper. Under the condition of 6 groups of erosion dynamics, the flume scour test with variable slope was carried out. The results showed that: with the increase of the years of returning farmland, The soil structure of Robinia pseudoacacia forest tended to be stable and porous. Compared with the same plot, the bulk density of Robinia pseudoacacia forest in 40 years was decreased by 12.9, the total porosity increased by 10.1, the capillary porosity increased by 62.4%, the content of soil organic matter increased by 97.9, and the water stable aggregate increased by 112.3cm. The mean value of soil separation ability decreased with the forest age as an exponential function. The ability of soil separation decreased rapidly within 15 years. The soil separation ability of Robinia pseudoacacia forest for 15 years was significantly different from that of the control plantation for 10 years (P0.05N). After 15 years of returning to farmland, the soil separation ability tended to be stable. 40 years old Robinia pseudoacacia forest had a lower erodibility of 86.3% than that of the control, and the critical value was lower than that of the control. The critical shear stress of soil varies from 4.15 to 4.78 Pa. The change trend of erodibility of rill is similar to that of soil separation ability. Compared with the change of critical shear stress, the change of rill erodibility can better reflect the change of soil separation ability.
【作者單位】： 中國科學(xué)院水利部水土保持研究所/黃土高原土壤侵蝕與旱地農(nóng)業(yè)國家重點實驗室;中國科學(xué)院生態(tài)環(huán)境研究中心/城市與區(qū)域生態(tài)國家重點實驗室;北京師范大學(xué)地理學(xué)與遙感科學(xué)學(xué)院;西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)水土保持研究所/黃土高原土壤侵蝕與旱地農(nóng)業(yè)國家重點實驗室;
【基金】：中國科學(xué)院“百人計劃” 國家自然科學(xué)基金(41530858,41271287)
【分類號】：S714.7

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