本文關鍵詞： 灌溉 設施土壤 土壤腐殖質(zhì) 胡敏酸 富里酸 胡敏素　出處：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：本文自連續(xù)13年以同一灌溉方案進行番茄栽培的塑料大棚內(nèi)分層采集0～80cm 土層土壤樣本,測定溝灌、滴灌和滲灌3種灌溉處理的設施土壤腐殖質(zhì)組分及結(jié)合態(tài)含量,通過比較其異同,探討灌溉方式對設施土壤腐殖質(zhì)含量及品質(zhì)的影響機理,以期為設施蔬菜栽培條件下執(zhí)行合理水分管理措施提供理論依據(jù)。該長期定位試驗于沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學科研基地內(nèi)進行,共設溝灌、滴灌和滲灌3種灌溉處理,各處理灌水控制上、下限相同,為6kPa和40kPa,計劃濕潤比不同,分別為1.0、0.5和0.5;溝灌和滴灌的灌水方法同當?shù)?滲灌使用發(fā)汗式多孔塑膠管灌水、灌水管埋深30cm。土壤腐殖質(zhì)組分及結(jié)合態(tài)分離測定使用了常規(guī)方法。得到的主要研究結(jié)果如下。第一,各灌溉處理土壤總有機碳、腐殖質(zhì)含量在0～50cm 土層均隨深度增加而直線減少,在50～80 cm 土層含量較低、變異較小,說明灌溉等水分管理措施對設施土壤腐殖質(zhì)的影響主要集中在0～50cm 土層內(nèi)。第二,同一土層不同灌溉處理間腐殖質(zhì)各組分含量差異明顯。胡敏酸、富里酸和胡敏素等含量在0～20 cm 土層均表現(xiàn)為滴灌溝灌滲灌,20～80cm 土層均表現(xiàn)為滲灌滴灌溝灌;滴灌處理與滲灌相比表層土壤胡敏酸、富里酸和胡敏素等含量高、隨土層深度增加下降速度快,溝灌處理剖面分布特點與滴灌相似、但含量總體上低于滴灌和滲灌。第三,依胡富比和色調(diào)系數(shù)(△logK)判斷,隨土層加深各灌溉處理腐殖質(zhì)分子結(jié)構越復雜,分子量越大;0～80cm 土層,與滴灌和滲灌處理相比,溝灌處理的腐殖質(zhì)分子結(jié)構更復雜、分子量更大。第四,腐殖質(zhì)各組分及結(jié)合態(tài)含量與總有機碳、全氮、全磷等主要肥力指標含量間均具有顯著或極顯著的相關關系,說明設施土壤腐殖質(zhì)含量及分子結(jié)構復雜度對土壤肥力具有重要影響。綜合評價灌溉方式對設施土壤腐殖質(zhì)的影響,滴灌效果優(yōu)于溝灌和滲灌;設施蔬菜栽培時,長時間應用滴灌進行灌溉,耕層(0～20cm)土壤總有機碳含量能夠維持在一較高水平,且腐殖質(zhì)各組分及松結(jié)態(tài)、緊結(jié)態(tài)含量高于溝灌和滲灌處理,這對于設施蔬菜栽培的養(yǎng)分供應和土壤質(zhì)量提升都是有利的。
[Abstract]:In this paper, soil samples of 0 ~ 80cm soil layer were collected from plastic greenhouse of tomato cultivation in the same irrigation scheme for 13 consecutive years, and the humus composition and bound state content of protected soil under furrow irrigation, drip irrigation and infiltration irrigation were measured. By comparing their similarities and differences, the effects of irrigation methods on the content and quality of humus in protected soil were discussed. The experiment was carried out in the scientific research base of Shenyang Agricultural University. There were three irrigation treatments: gully irrigation, drip irrigation and infiltration irrigation, and the irrigation control of each treatment was carried out. The lower limit is the same, 6 KPA and 40 KPA, and the planned wetting ratio is different, 1.0 and 0.5, respectively. The irrigation methods of furrow irrigation and drip irrigation are the same as the local ones. The soil humus composition and the combined state separation were determined by conventional methods. The main results were as follows. Firstly, the soil total organic carbon and humus content of each irrigation treatment decreased linearly with the increase of soil depth. The results showed that the effect of irrigation and other water management measures on soil humus was mainly concentrated in 0 ~ 50 cm soil layer. The humus content of different irrigation treatments in the same soil layer was obviously different. The contents of Hu Min acid, fulvic acid and humin in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer were all shown as drip irrigation furrow irrigation 20 ~ 80 cm soil layer and drip irrigation drip irrigation furrow irrigation. The content of Hu Min, fulvic acid and humin in surface soil of drip irrigation treatment was higher than that of infiltration irrigation, and decreased rapidly with the increase of soil depth. The profile distribution of furrow irrigation treatment was similar to that of drip irrigation, but the content was lower than that of drip irrigation and infiltration irrigation. According to Hu Fu ratio and hue coefficient (logK), the molecular structure of humus in furrow irrigation treatment was more complex than that in drip irrigation and infiltration irrigation treatment, and the molecular structure of humus in each irrigation treatment was more complex, and the molecular weight of humus was higher than that of drip irrigation and infiltration irrigation treatment. The molecular weight is higher than 4th. There is a significant or extremely significant correlation between the contents of humus components and their binding states and the contents of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and other main fertility indexes, such as total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and so on. The results showed that the content of humus and the complexity of molecular structure had important influence on soil fertility, and the effect of drip irrigation was better than that of furrow irrigation and infiltration irrigation, and the effect of drip irrigation was better than that of furrow irrigation and infiltration irrigation, and the effect of drip irrigation was better than that of furrow irrigation and infiltration irrigation. The soil total organic carbon content can be maintained at a higher level, and humus components and loose state, tight state content is higher than furrow irrigation and infiltration irrigation treatment, the soil total organic carbon content can be maintained at a relatively high level by drip irrigation for a long period of time, and the tight state content is higher than that of furrow irrigation and infiltration irrigation treatment. This is beneficial to nutrient supply and soil quality improvement of vegetable cultivation.
【學位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S153.622;S275

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