本文關(guān)鍵詞： 番茄 根系長度 土壤含水率 根系層　出處：《中國科學(xué)院研究生院（教育部水土保持與生態(tài)環(huán)境研究中心）》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：番茄是高耗水蔬菜作物,所以水分是制約番茄生長發(fā)育的重要因素之一。在常規(guī)種植模式下(這里指土壤栽培),土壤含水分的高低直接影響番茄地上植株部分的生長發(fā)育、地下根系的分布和番茄的果實(shí)生長,水分的虧缺不僅會使番茄品質(zhì)降低,而且對番茄的產(chǎn)量也有較大的影響。由于溫室的特殊性,番茄生長所需水分全面依賴于灌溉補(bǔ)充,因此精準(zhǔn)的水分補(bǔ)充是保準(zhǔn)番茄正常生長發(fā)育的關(guān)鍵措施。為了及時(shí)獲取番茄根系層區(qū)域土壤水分狀況,為精準(zhǔn)灌溉提供可靠依據(jù),本研究在溫室環(huán)境和膜下滴灌條件下,通過對不同生育期的不同階段番茄的根系進(jìn)行采挖沖洗,測定根系參數(shù)。并采用TRIME水分傳感器定時(shí)測定番茄根系層不同空間位置土壤含水率,根系層土壤含水率測點(diǎn)分布設(shè)計(jì)為距植株5cm、15cm、25cm水平距離處和5cm、10cm、20cm、30cm、40cm、50cm深度土層,測定頻率為每天一次,灌水后加測一次,所測數(shù)據(jù)采用Excel分析處理,并用Sigmaplot作圖。對番茄不同生育期不同階段的根系生長情況與根系層區(qū)域的土壤含水率變化情況進(jìn)行了研究分析,得出了以下主要結(jié)論:1)番茄的種植方式為育苗移栽定植,其定植緩苗后至開花之間的苗期時(shí)間相對較短,苗期根系生長及分布區(qū)域很小,主要集中分布在距植株水平距離5cm,地面以下10cm以內(nèi)的土層,根長度也以10cm以內(nèi)居多,且具有典型的雙子葉植物所具有直根系特點(diǎn),主根較為粗壯,強(qiáng)勢發(fā)育,側(cè)根較為細(xì)弱。苗期土壤含水率的主要變化區(qū)域與根系層分布較為一致,土壤水分的變化幅度也與根系的分布密度較為一致,變化幅度隨距植株水平距離的增加而遞減,苗期土壤含水率最小值出現(xiàn)在距植株5 cm,地表以下5-10 cm土層,這與根系在土層分布及根系長度吻合。2)開花結(jié)果期根系繼續(xù)生長發(fā)育,根系長度增加,根系分布區(qū)域擴(kuò)大,主要集中分布在距植株5cm的0-20cm土層,根系長度集中為5-15cm。開花結(jié)果期用距植株5 cm處0-30 cm土層含水率變化值計(jì)算的蒸騰量與用彭曼公式計(jì)算的騰發(fā)量具有較好的一致性,該區(qū)域土壤含水率能較好的代表開花結(jié)果期番茄整個(gè)根系層土壤含水率。3)盛果期番茄根系進(jìn)一步生長,根系長度集中分布在5-15cm范圍,盛果期距地表0-30cm,距番茄植株15cm的區(qū)域根系層土壤水分變化明顯,在此區(qū)域內(nèi)總體表現(xiàn)為隨土層深度增加,土壤含水率減小,土壤含水率變化幅度減小。地表以下15cm-25cm,距植株水平距離0-10cm范圍內(nèi)最易出現(xiàn)土壤水分低值。隨著時(shí)間的推移,土壤水分低值區(qū)向外逐漸擴(kuò)展。4)在溫室覆膜滴灌條件下土壤為砂壤土?xí)r,綜合番茄不同生長階段根系的伸長生長及根系層土壤含水率的變化規(guī)律,苗期探頭埋設(shè)5cm深左右、開花結(jié)果期及盛果期探頭埋設(shè)10cm左右所測得的番茄根系層土壤含水率最具代表性,可用于指導(dǎo)溫室智能控制灌溉。
[Abstract]:Tomato is a water-consuming vegetable crop, so moisture is one of the important factors restricting the growth and development of tomato. The soil moisture content directly affects the growth and development of the above ground part of tomato, the distribution of underground roots and the growth of tomato fruit, and the water deficit will not only reduce the quality of tomato. Because of the particularity of greenhouse, the water needed for tomato growth depends on irrigation supplement. Therefore accurate water supplementation is the key measure to maintain the normal growth and development of tomato. In order to obtain the soil moisture status of tomato root layer in time and provide reliable basis for precision irrigation. In this study, the roots of tomato at different growth stages were harvested and washed under greenhouse environment and drip irrigation under film. The soil moisture content of tomato root layer at different spatial positions was measured by TRIME water sensor. The distribution of soil moisture content in root layer was designed to be 5 cm ~ (-1) ~ (15 cm) from the plant. At the horizontal distance of 25 cm and 5 cm ~ (10) cm ~ (10) ~ (20) cm ~ (10) ~ (30) cm ~ (10) ~ (30) ~ (30) cm ~ (10) ~ (10) cm ~ (10) ~ (30) cm ~ (10) ~ (30). The measured data were analyzed and processed by Excel. The root growth and soil moisture content of tomato at different growth stages and different growth stages were studied and analyzed by Sigmaplot. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) Tomato is planted by transplanting and transplanting, and the seedling period from slow planting to flowering is relatively short, and the root growth and distribution area is very small at seedling stage. It was mainly distributed in the soil layer less than 10 cm below the ground level, and the root length was more than 10 cm. The root length of dicotyledonous plant had the characteristics of straight root system in typical dicotyledonous plants. The main soil moisture content in seedling stage is consistent with the distribution of root layer, and the variation range of soil water content is consistent with the distribution density of root system. The range of variation decreased with the increase of horizontal distance from the plant. The minimum value of soil moisture content at seedling stage was 5 cm from the plant and 5-10 cm below the surface. This is consistent with root distribution in soil layer and root length. 2) during flowering and fruiting period, root system continued to grow and develop, root length increased and root distribution area expanded. It was mainly distributed in 0-20cm soil layer 5 cm away from the plant. The root length was 5-15 cm. The transpiration calculated from 0-30 cm soil layer in flowering and fruiting stage was in good agreement with that calculated by Pengmang formula. Soil moisture content in this area can better represent the soil moisture content of the whole root layer of tomato in flowering and fruiting stage. 3) the root system of tomato growing further in the period of full fruit, and the root length is concentrated in the range of 5-15 cm. The soil moisture of root layer in the region from 0-30 cm to the surface and 15 cm from tomato plants changed obviously in the fruiting period, and the soil moisture content decreased with the increase of soil depth in this region. The variation range of soil moisture content was decreased. The range of soil moisture content was 15cm-25cm below the ground surface, and it was most likely to occur in the range of 0-10cm from the horizontal distance from the plant to the soil moisture content. When the soil was sandy loam under the condition of plastic film mulching drip irrigation in greenhouse, the growth of tomato root system and the variation of soil moisture content of root layer in different growth stages were synthesized. The soil moisture content of tomato root layer measured by the probe at seedling stage was about 5 cm deep, and that at flowering and fruiting stage was about 10 cm, which could be used to guide intelligent irrigation in greenhouse.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院（教育部水土保持與生態(tài)環(huán)境研究中心）
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S152.7;S641.2

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本文編號：1465533