本文關(guān)鍵詞： 叢枝菌根真菌 土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)降解 土壤腐生微生物 ~(15)N/~(13)C雙標(biāo)記　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：叢枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, AMF)是土壤中廣泛存在的共生真菌,AMF與80%以上的陸生植物形成共生體。一方面,AMF從宿主植物中獲得碳水化合物；另一方面,AMF為宿主植物吸收礦物質(zhì)元素和水,提高植物的抗逆性。由于AMF的碳源唯一從植物中獲得,AMF能否和如何影響土壤有機(jī)物分解,成為近年來(lái)研究熱點(diǎn)。本研究的科學(xué)假說(shuō)為,低磷土壤條件下,AMF可能通過(guò)獲取磷素,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)土壤有機(jī)物的分解。采用13C/15N雙標(biāo)記法有機(jī)物降解過(guò)程；并研究豆科和非豆科宿主植物與叢枝菌根真菌共生對(duì)土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)分解影響的差異；用PCR-DGGE實(shí)驗(yàn)分析有機(jī)物分解過(guò)程中土壤細(xì)菌群落的組成、磷酸酶活性。主要結(jié)果如下。(1) 土壤不同磷水平下AMF對(duì)土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)分解的影響土壤磷濃度,對(duì)AMF侵染率、宿主植物生物量和有機(jī)質(zhì)的降解均產(chǎn)生顯著影響。隨著土壤磷濃度的升高,AMF的侵染率顯著降低。在低磷土壤條件下,AMF顯著增加了宿主植物的生物量和15N的含量,顯著降低了有機(jī)質(zhì)分解袋中有機(jī)氮和有機(jī)碳的含量,表明低磷土壤下AMF促進(jìn)土壤有機(jī)物的分解。(2) 豆科和非豆科植物與AMF共生對(duì)土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)分解的影響與豆科植物紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)相比,非豆科植物平車前(Plantago depressa)顯著增加對(duì)15N的吸收,顯著增加了有機(jī)質(zhì)分解袋中有機(jī)氮和有機(jī)碳的降解。紫花苜蓿中,AMF沒有顯著降低有機(jī)氮和有機(jī)碳的含量。平車前中,AMF顯著降低了有機(jī)氮和有機(jī)碳的含量。(3) 低磷土壤條件下AMF對(duì)土壤細(xì)菌群落的影響AMF明顯改變了有機(jī)質(zhì)分解袋中細(xì)菌群落的組成。在堿性土壤環(huán)境中,AMF顯著降低了酸性磷酸酶活性,顯著增加了堿性磷酸酶活性。
[Abstract]:Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungida (AMF) is a symbiotic fungus widely existed in soil. AMF forms symbionts with more than 80% terrestrial plants, on the one hand, carbohydrates are obtained from host plants. On the other hand, the host plant absorbs mineral elements and water, and improves plant stress resistance. Because the carbon source of AMF is only obtained from plants, can and how to affect the decomposition of soil organic matter. In recent years, the scientific hypothesis of this study is that AMF may be obtained from phosphorus under low phosphorus soil conditions. In order to promote the decomposition of soil organic matter, 13C / 15N double labeling method was used to degrade organic matter. The effects of symbiosis of host plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the decomposition of soil organic matter were studied. The composition of soil bacterial community during the decomposition of organic matter was analyzed by PCR-DGGE experiment. The main results are as follows: 1) the effect of AMF on the decomposition of soil organic matter under different phosphorus levels and the infection rate of AMF on soil phosphorus concentration. The biomass of host plants and the degradation of organic matter were significantly affected. The infection rate of AMF decreased significantly with the increase of soil phosphorus concentration. AMF significantly increased the biomass and 15N content of the host plant, and significantly reduced the organic nitrogen and organic carbon content in the organic decomposition bag. The results showed that AMF promoted the decomposition of soil organic matter in low phosphorus soil. (2) the symbiotic effect of legumes and non-legumes and AMF on the decomposition of soil organic matter and alfalfa (Leguminosae). Medicago sativa. Plantago depressa, a non-legume plant, significantly increased the absorption of 15N, increased the degradation of organic nitrogen and organic carbon in organic matter decomposition bags, and increased the organic carbon degradation in alfalfa. AMF did not significantly reduce the contents of organic nitrogen and organic carbon. AMF significantly reduced the contents of organic nitrogen and organic carbon. Effect of AMF on soil bacterial Community in low phosphorus soil AMF significantly changed the composition of bacterial community in organic matter decomposition bag. AMF significantly decreased the activity of acid phosphatase and increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S154.3

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本文編號(hào)：1464763