微地震監(jiān)測在煤田,儲層壓裂以及油藏驅(qū)動監(jiān)測等領(lǐng)域扮演著重要角色。其中,微地震監(jiān)測是地下水力壓裂裂縫成像的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。在水力壓裂改造儲層過程中,通過微地震監(jiān)測裂縫分布或巖石屬性變化,有利于現(xiàn)場工程師有效地評估水力壓裂的效力并進行下一次壓裂工程等等。目前評估壓裂儲層體積主要有三種途徑:第一種,通過微地震的位置和震源機制來描繪裂縫發(fā)育的形態(tài)和體積;第二種,直接對產(chǎn)生儲層改造區(qū)域內(nèi)的裂縫或斷層進行成像;第三種,直接反演儲層改造區(qū)域內(nèi)的巖石地質(zhì)力學參數(shù)（例如速度比或泊松比）的變化。因此,我們主要對目前存在于這三種途徑中的主流方法進行分析和改進。在第一種途徑中,我們主要是解決地表和井中監(jiān)測定位方法存在的一些問題。地表和井中監(jiān)測是目前兩種常用的監(jiān)測手段。在地表監(jiān)測中,由于接收到的地震信號弱的原因,通常利用繞射掃描疊加的方法來確定地震事件的位置。在繞射掃描疊加算法中,常規(guī)的線性疊加條件不能消除極性反轉(zhuǎn)以及壓制噪音所導致的定位誤差。因此,我們提出了兩種基于相關(guān)的疊加條件用于解決極性反轉(zhuǎn)及緩解低信噪比的影響:第一個是互相關(guān)疊加條件,在疊加過程中,我們先得到相鄰記錄上的能量積,然后再將這些能量積們相加得到時空... 

【文章來源】：中國科學技術(shù)大學安徽省 211工程院校 985工程院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：148 頁

【學位級別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Problems
    1.2 Contributions
    1.3 Outline
CHAPTER 2 AUTOMATIC MICROSEISMIC STACKING LOCATION WITH AMULTI-CROSS-CORRELATION IMAGING CONDITION
    2.2 Introduction
    2.3 Methods
    2.4 Synthetic examples
    2.5 Field data examples
    2.6 Discussions and conclusions
CHAPTER 3 VERTICAL SLOWNESS CONSTRAINED JOINT VTI PARAMETERS AND EVENTLOCATIONS INVERSION FOR MICROSEISMIC MONITORING
    3.2 Introduction
    3.3 Theory
        3.3.1 Traveltime inversion method (TM)
        3.3.2 Vertical slowness constrained traveltime inversion method (VTM)
    3.4 Synthetic examples
    3.5 Field data example
    3.6 Conclusions
CHAPTER 4 MICROSEISMIC REVERSE TIME MIGRATION WITH AMULTI-CROSS-CORRELATION STAINING ALGORITHM FOR FRACTUREIMAGING
    4.2 Introduction
    4.3 Stained wavefield and stained data
    4.4 Multi-cross-correlation imaging condition
    4.5 Synthetic examples
    4.6 Conclusions
CHAPTER 5 ABSOLUTE,DOUBLE-DIFFERENCE,AND CROSS DOUBLE-DIFFERENCETOMOGRAPHY FOR MICROSEISMIC EVENT LOCATION AND 3D POISSON'SRATIO MODEL
    5.2 Introduction
    5.3 Theory
    5.4 Tomography for 3D Vp and Poisson's ratio models
    5.5 Tomography for event locations, 3D Vp and Poisson's ratio models
    5.6 Discussions
    5.7 Conclusions
CHAPTER 6 JOINT EVENT LOCATION AND 3D POISSON'S RATIO TOMOGRAPHY FORMICROSEISMIC MONITORING
    6.2 Introduction
    6.3 Theory
    6.4 Synthetic example
    6.5 Field example
    6.6 Discussions and conclusions
CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SUGGESTIONS
APPENDIX A: sensitivity kernels for event parameters
APPENDIX B: sensitivity kernels for Thomsen's parameters
APPENDIX C: sensitivity kernels for velocity and Poisson's ratio
APPENDIX D:double-difference passive seismic tomography
APPENDIX E: cross double-difference passive seismic tomography
APPENDIX F: comparison of double-difference and cross double-difference passiveseismic tomography
REFERENCES
PUBLICATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS(致謝)


【參考文獻】：
期刊論文
[1]Velocity Modeling and Inversion Techniques for Locating Microseismic Events in Unconventional Reservoirs[J]. Jianzhong Zhang,Han Liu,Zhihui Zou,Zhonglai Huang.  Journal of Earth Science. 2015(04)
[2]微地震定位的加權(quán)彈性波干涉成像法（英文）[J]. 李磊,陳浩,王秀明.  Applied Geophysics. 2015(02)
[3]相對保幅的角度域VSP逆時偏移（英文）[J]. 孫文博,孫贊東,朱興卉.  Applied Geophysics. 2011(02)



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