【摘要】：本文在校企合作項(xiàng)目“XXX型號(hào)非公路寬體礦用自卸車車架斷裂失效分析及結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)”基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)于非公路寬體礦用自卸車車架失效分析及結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)展開(kāi)研究。非公路寬體礦用自卸車是目前小型礦山運(yùn)輸?shù)闹饕O(shè)備，它自身體積大，載重量大，工作環(huán)境惡劣，多工作于路況很差的礦山礦區(qū)，使用條件復(fù)雜多變。特殊的工作條件使得自卸車所受到的動(dòng)態(tài)載荷的變化大，當(dāng)重載行駛在坡多彎多側(cè)傾坡多的顛簸路面時(shí)，受到來(lái)自路面的沖擊載荷和隨機(jī)載荷對(duì)整車結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)非常大的挑戰(zhàn)。本文中的礦用自卸車整車空載質(zhì)量21噸，設(shè)計(jì)最大載重量80噸，空車行駛速度30km/h，載貨正常行駛速度10km/h。每天使用超過(guò)20小時(shí)，在使用3～5個(gè)月后，行駛不足5萬(wàn)公里，大量車架出現(xiàn)了裂紋，嚴(yán)重影響了工作效率及工作質(zhì)量，使企業(yè)承受了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。為了找出車架斷裂的原因，同時(shí)提出結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)方案，本文圍繞非公路寬體礦用自卸車車架的剛度強(qiáng)度展開(kāi)研究，結(jié)合了有限元靜態(tài)線性分析、多體動(dòng)力學(xué)動(dòng)態(tài)應(yīng)力分析、整車的靜動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)試和疲勞壽命預(yù)測(cè)分析，最終形成了一套完整的針對(duì)非公路寬體礦用自卸車車架斷裂失效的分析研究體系，對(duì)今后的工程實(shí)踐提供參考依據(jù)。全文共分為七部分： 第一章為緒論，介紹了非公路寬體礦用自卸車的研究背景和研究意義，詳細(xì)描述了非公路寬體礦用自卸車的結(jié)構(gòu)組成以及發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和趨勢(shì)，通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究學(xué)者對(duì)非公路寬體礦用自卸車的相關(guān)研究，以及針對(duì)非公路寬體礦用自卸車車架失效等問(wèn)題的研究分析對(duì)比之后，提出了本文的研究方向和內(nèi)容。 第二章對(duì)車架和懸架的剛度匹配技術(shù)進(jìn)行研究。由于車架所受的載荷主要是由懸架傳遞的，懸架作為與車架相連的重要傳力部件，它的剛度直接影響了車架的剛度，對(duì)前后懸架間的剛度匹配以及車架與懸架的剛度匹配進(jìn)行了計(jì)算。 第三章是對(duì)車架失效問(wèn)題的線性有限元靜態(tài)分析。結(jié)合Pro/E—HyperMesh—ANSYS建立有限元模型，并采用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧愋湍M各種結(jié)構(gòu)和邊界條件，選擇典型工況對(duì)失效車架的有限元分析，結(jié)合應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度因子理論和應(yīng)力集中系數(shù)理論，找到車架失效的原因和位置，并提出合理化的改進(jìn)方案，同時(shí)對(duì)車架改進(jìn)前后的有限元靜態(tài)分析和模態(tài)分析進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析。 第四章是基于多體動(dòng)力學(xué)的車架仿真分析及動(dòng)態(tài)應(yīng)力研究。本章結(jié)合多體動(dòng)力學(xué)理論，建立非公路寬體礦用自卸車整車虛擬樣機(jī)模型，仿真分析了兩種典型的路面工況，為以后的疲勞壽命預(yù)測(cè)分析做準(zhǔn)備，即提取車架載荷傳遞點(diǎn)的載荷譜。 第五章為整車關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的測(cè)試驗(yàn)證。在上文中對(duì)非公路寬體礦用自卸車車架進(jìn)行有限元靜態(tài)分析和多體動(dòng)力學(xué)動(dòng)態(tài)應(yīng)力計(jì)算后，為了驗(yàn)證這兩次計(jì)算的合理性，需要對(duì)車架進(jìn)行測(cè)試驗(yàn)證。通過(guò)對(duì)比分析，，有限元靜態(tài)分析結(jié)果與靜態(tài)測(cè)試結(jié)果基本一致，多體動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真結(jié)果曲線與在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)試驗(yàn)場(chǎng)地的測(cè)試曲線大體吻合，說(shuō)明有限元分析和多體動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真和合理性。通過(guò)對(duì)礦區(qū)場(chǎng)地的動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)試，找到靜動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)試的應(yīng)力映射系數(shù)，繼而推出原失效車架的動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)。 第六章對(duì)車架結(jié)構(gòu)的疲勞壽命進(jìn)行了預(yù)測(cè)分析。利用上文中基于ADAMS/VIEW多體動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真分析，提取車架載荷傳入點(diǎn)的載荷譜，通過(guò)動(dòng)態(tài)載荷模擬的方法，計(jì)算出車架載荷隨時(shí)間的變化歷程，利用ncode疲勞壽命分析軟件對(duì)車架疲勞壽命進(jìn)行了評(píng)估。 第七章對(duì)全文的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，同時(shí)對(duì)今后的研究提出了幾點(diǎn)展望。 本文主要有以下三點(diǎn)創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)： （1）建立了剛?cè)狁詈系能嚰苣Ｐ停⒔⒘苏嚨奶摂M樣機(jī)仿真模型，結(jié)合實(shí)際工作路面情況創(chuàng)建模擬路面，進(jìn)行了多體動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真分析，通過(guò)測(cè)試驗(yàn)證仿真結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性，為工程實(shí)際應(yīng)用提供一種可靠的虛擬樣機(jī)仿真分析方法。 （2）對(duì)非公路寬體礦用自卸車車架及相關(guān)部件進(jìn)行了典型工況的靜動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)試，并與CAE仿真分析方法進(jìn)行了對(duì)比驗(yàn)證，本次的靜動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)試是一套比較完整和大型的測(cè)試過(guò)程，對(duì)今后的相關(guān)測(cè)試及工程應(yīng)用提供參考。 （3）提取動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真分析得到的載荷時(shí)間歷程曲線，作為疲勞計(jì)算的載荷譜輸入，得出原失效結(jié)構(gòu)的疲勞壽命符合實(shí)際斷裂時(shí)間，并可用于改進(jìn)后車架的疲勞壽命預(yù)測(cè)，這一工作對(duì)工程車輛的研究具有參考意義。
[Abstract]:On the basis of the "The Analysis of the Failure and the Design of the Structure of the Frame of the Mining Dump Truck with XXX Model of Non-Highway and Wide Body" of the cooperative project of the school-enterprise, this paper studies the failure analysis and the structure improvement of the frame of the non-highway wide-body mining dump truck. The non-highway wide-body mining dump truck is the main equipment for the small-scale mine transportation at present, its own volume is large, the weight is large, the working environment is bad, and the mining area with poor road condition is more and more complicated and changeable. The special working conditions cause the dynamic load of the dump truck to be large, and when the heavy load runs on the multi-curved and multi-side slope road, the impact load and the random load from the road surface are a very big challenge to the whole vehicle structure. The no-load mass of the mining dump truck in this paper is 21 tons, the design maximum load capacity is 80 tons, the running speed of the empty vehicle is 30 km/ h, and the normal running speed of the cargo truck is 10 km/ h. The use of more than 20 hours a day, after 3-5 months of use, the driving is less than 50,000 km, and a large number of frames have cracks, which seriously affect the work efficiency and the work quality, so that the enterprise can bear huge economic losses. In order to find out the reason of the frame fracture, and to put forward the structural improvement design scheme, this paper studies the stiffness of the frame of the non-highway wide-body mining dump truck, and combines the static linear analysis of the finite element and the dynamic stress analysis of the multi-body dynamics. The static dynamic test and the fatigue life prediction analysis of the whole vehicle finally form a complete analysis and research system for the failure of the frame of the non-highway wide-body mining dump truck, and provide the reference basis for future engineering practice. The full text is divided into seven parts: The first chapter is the introduction, the research background and significance of the non-highway wide-body mining dump truck are introduced, the structure composition and the trend of the development of the non-highway wide-body mining dump truck are described in detail. In this paper, the research direction and interior of this paper are put forward through the research on the relevant research of the non-highway wide-body mining dump truck and the research and analysis of the failure of the non-highway wide-body mining dump truck. The second chapter introduces the rigidity matching technology of the frame and the suspension. The stiffness of the frame is directly affected by the rigidity of the frame, the rigidity matching between the front and rear suspensions, and the rigidity matching of the frame and the suspension. The third chapter is the linear finite element of the frame failure problem The finite element model is established by using the Pro/ E-HyperMesh and ANSYS, and various structures and boundary conditions are simulated by using the appropriate unit type. The finite element analysis of the failure frame under typical working conditions is selected, and the failure of the frame is found by combining the stress intensity factor theory and the stress concentration coefficient theory. Reason and location, and put forward a reasonable improvement scheme, at the same time, the finite element static analysis and the modal analysis before and after the improvement of the frame are carried out The fourth chapter is the frame simulation analysis based on multi-body dynamics Based on the multi-body dynamics theory, the vehicle virtual prototype model of the non-highway wide-body mining dump truck is established, and the two typical road conditions are analyzed, and the future fatigue life prediction analysis is prepared, that is, the frame load is extracted. The load spectrum of the transfer point. The fifth chapter is the whole vehicle The test and verification of the key technologies are as follows: after the finite element static analysis and the multi-body dynamic stress calculation of the non-highway wide-body mining dump truck frame, in order to verify the rationality of the two calculations, it is necessary to The test and verification of the frame are carried out. The results of the static analysis of the finite element are basically the same as the static test results. The results of the multi-body dynamics simulation are in general agreement with the test curves at the standard test site, and the finite element analysis and the multi-body analysis are described. Dynamic simulation and rationality. Through the dynamic test of the site of the mining area, the stress mapping coefficient of the static dynamic test is found, and then the original Dynamic data of a failed frame. Chapter 6: Structure of the frame The fatigue life is predicted and analyzed. Based on the multi-body dynamics simulation analysis of ADAMS/ VIEW, the load spectrum of the load transfer point of the frame is extracted, the change course of the frame load over time is calculated by the method of dynamic load simulation, and the software is analyzed by using the ncode fatigue life analysis software. The fatigue life of the frame is evaluated. Chapter 7 summarizes the contents of the full text and at the same time Some prospects for future research are put forward. This paper mainly has the following three points of innovation: (1) The frame model of rigid-flexible coupling is set up, and the virtual prototype simulation model of the whole vehicle is established. The multi-body dynamics simulation analysis is carried out on the simulated road surface, and the accuracy of the simulation results is verified by the test, so that the practical application of the project A reliable virtual prototype simulation analysis method is provided. (2) The static and dynamic test of a typical working condition of a non-highway wide-body mining dump truck frame and related components is carried out, and compared with the CAE simulation analysis method, the static dynamic test is carried out, Dynamic testing is a relatively complete and large test (3) the load time history curve obtained by the dynamic simulation analysis is taken as the load spectrum input of the fatigue calculation to obtain the actual fatigue life of the original failure structure. Fracture time and can be used to improve the fatigue life of the rear frame
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD562.1

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