【摘要】：近年來隨著我國淺表資源的日益開采殆盡,促使地下礦產資源的開采不斷向深層擴展,導致深部資源開采所需裝備研發(fā)越來越迫切,而深部資源開采設備研發(fā)其中最主要趨勢為大型化,主要目標之一是通過提高提升容量以及提升深度來提高開采效率。我國礦產資源的開采主要靠井工提升,而作為井工提升最為關鍵設備的大型礦井提升機其運行時承載大、整體結構復雜、設計缺乏成熟的經驗,特別是作為核心部件的提升機卷筒裝置,在實際工作中常出現因應力集中而導致卷筒筒殼,人孔周邊等部位開裂以及在交變載荷作用下易引起自激、強迫振動等問題,影響設備正常使用,因此,運用現代設計與分析方法對其進行結構性能分析研究以及優(yōu)化設計,提高大型礦井提升機卷筒裝置性能與可靠性具有重要意義。本文以某公司研發(fā)的2JK/A-5型大型礦井提升機為研究對象,研究分析其典型多工況下實際運行狀況,確認其薄弱環(huán)節(jié);針對人孔周邊因應力集中發(fā)生疲勞失效導致裂紋產生的問題進行綜合優(yōu)化設計;對卷筒裝置固有頻率以及緊急制動特殊工況等動態(tài)特性進行分析研究,確保提升機安全運行。主要研究內容及方法包括:(1)根據提升機相關幾何參數,在Solid Works中建立其三維模型,利用Workbench數值模擬分析提升機主軸裝置在一個工作周期內多個典型工況下的應力應變情況,根據分析結果確認薄弱環(huán)節(jié),校核其關鍵部件卷筒以及主軸的剛度和強度,并通過測試實驗驗證仿真分析的可靠性。(2)綜合應用控制變量法、拓撲優(yōu)化以及多目標驅動優(yōu)化設計理論,以降低卷筒裝置幅板人孔周邊應力集中,避免發(fā)生疲勞失效導致裂紋產生為目標,對比分析優(yōu)化得出幅板最優(yōu)人孔形狀、開孔大小以及開孔位置。(3)運用Hyper Works軟件中的Opti Struct模塊,對卷筒裝置進行模態(tài)分析,分析研究其前六階振型,采用拓撲優(yōu)化技術提高卷筒裝置基頻,預防共振等不良工況的發(fā)生。(4)利用ANSYSWork Bench瞬態(tài)動力學模塊對緊急制動工況下的提升機卷筒裝置動態(tài)特性進行分析研究,獲得其制動響應時間段里任意時間節(jié)點的提升機整體以及卷筒等關鍵部件的應力云圖,并根據第四強度理論校核其強度屬性,確保整個提升機卷筒裝置在緊急制動的特殊工況下也能安全運行。通過對2JK/A-5型大型礦井提升機整體以及卷筒裝置靜動力學結合的結構分析以及優(yōu)化,取得了一些具有指導意義的研究成果,為企業(yè)設計部門校核提升機整體結構設計可靠性以及解決人孔開裂問題提供了可行參考,同時也為同類工程機械設計提供了方法,具有推廣應用意義。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increasing exploitation of shallow resources in China, the exploitation of underground mineral resources has been continuously expanded, resulting in more and more urgent research and development of equipment needed for deep resource exploitation. The main trend of deep resource mining equipment research and development is large-scale, one of the main goals is to improve mining efficiency by increasing capacity and depth. The exploitation of mineral resources in our country mainly depends on the promotion of well workers, and the large mine hoist, which is the most critical equipment for well lifting, has large bearing capacity, complex overall structure and lack of mature experience in design. In particular, as the core component of the hoist reel device, in the actual work, there are often problems such as the cracking of the reel shell and the surrounding part of the manhole due to stress concentration, as well as the self-excitation and forced vibration under the action of alternating load. It is of great significance to improve the performance and reliability of the reel device of large mine hoist by using modern design and analysis methods to analyze and optimize the structural performance of the equipment, so as to improve the performance and reliability of the reel device of large mine hoist. In this paper, the 2JK / A-5 large mine hoist developed by a company is taken as the research object, and its actual operation condition under typical multi-working conditions is studied and analyzed, and its weak links are confirmed. Aiming at the problem of crack caused by fatigue failure around manhole, the natural frequency of reel device and the special working condition of emergency braking are analyzed and studied to ensure the safe operation of hoist. The main research contents and methods are as follows: (1) according to the relevant geometric parameters of hoist, the three-dimensional model is established in Solid Works. The stress and strain of hoist spindle device under several typical working conditions in one working cycle are analyzed by Workbench numerical simulation. According to the analysis results, the weak links are confirmed, and the stiffness and strength of its key components, reel and spindle, are checked. The reliability of the simulation analysis is verified by test experiments. (2) the control variable method, topology optimization and multi-objective drive optimization design theory are comprehensively applied to reduce the stress concentration around the manhole of the reel device. To avoid the crack caused by fatigue failure, the optimal manhole shape, opening size and opening position of the plate are obtained by comparative analysis and optimization. (3) the modal analysis of the reel device is carried out by using the Opti Struct module in Hyper Works software. The first six vibration modes are analyzed and studied, and the topology optimization technology is used to improve the fundamental frequency of the reel device. To prevent the occurrence of bad working conditions such as resonance. (4) the dynamic characteristics of hoist drum device under emergency braking condition are analyzed and studied by using ANSYSWork Bench transient dynamics module. The stress cloud diagram of the whole hoist and the key components such as reel at any time node in the braking response time period is obtained, and its strength properties are checked according to the fourth strength theory. Ensure that the whole hoist drum device can also operate safely under the special condition of emergency braking. Through the structural analysis and optimization of the static and dynamic combination of the whole 2JK / A5 large mine hoist and the reel device, some guiding research results have been obtained. It provides a feasible reference for the enterprise design department to check the reliability of the whole structure design of the hoist and solve the problem of manhole cracking, and also provides a method for the design of the same kind of construction machinery, which is of great significance for popularization and application.
【學位授予單位】：貴州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD534

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