【摘要】：波動(dòng)方程疊前深度偏移成像技術(shù)是高精度高分辨率地震勘探技術(shù)的重要組成部分,主要解決具有復(fù)雜地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)及強(qiáng)橫向速度變化的地質(zhì)體精確成像問題。相對(duì)于其他偏移方法(疊前時(shí)間偏移、疊后時(shí)間或深度偏移等),波動(dòng)方程疊前深度偏移通過直接求解波動(dòng)方程的數(shù)值解來進(jìn)行波場(chǎng)延拓,在深度域疊加成像得到地下介質(zhì)的深度剖面,對(duì)于構(gòu)造復(fù)雜、橫向速度變化劇烈的地下結(jié)構(gòu)有著很好的適應(yīng)性,通常能夠得到較為精細(xì)的地下成像。論文詳細(xì)梳理了波動(dòng)方程偏移技術(shù)的發(fā)展歷史及現(xiàn)狀,介紹了偏移成像技術(shù)基本原理(偏移原理、成像原理和成像條件)。在頻率波數(shù)域波場(chǎng)延拓(相移延拓)的基礎(chǔ)上,利用波場(chǎng)分裂思想導(dǎo)出了裂步傅里葉算子、傅里葉有限差分算子以及廣義屏算子,并在炮域?qū)崿F(xiàn)了各算子疊前深度偏移成像。在編程實(shí)現(xiàn)偏移算法的過程中,分析處理了邊界、數(shù)值頻散、算法穩(wěn)定性等關(guān)鍵問題,通過多種模型測(cè)試(水平模型、曲面模型、透鏡體模型、Marmousi模型),驗(yàn)證了波動(dòng)方程疊前深度偏移理論的正確性和可行性,總結(jié)了裂步傅里葉算法、傅里葉有限差分算法以及廣義屏算法在理論模型偏移成像中的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)以及影響偏移效果的關(guān)鍵因素,為偏移質(zhì)量控制提供了一定的參考。
[Abstract]:Wave equation prestack depth migration imaging technology is an important part of high-precision and high-resolution seismic exploration technology. It mainly solves the problem of accurate imaging of geological body with complex geological structure and strong lateral velocity variation. Compared with other migration methods (pre-stack time migration, poststack time or depth migration, etc.), wave field extension is carried out by directly solving the numerical solution of wave equation for wave equation prestack depth migration. The depth profile of underground medium can be obtained by superimposed imaging in depth domain, which has good adaptability to the underground structure with complex structure and sharp lateral velocity change, and can usually obtain more fine underground imaging. The development history and present situation of wave equation migration technology are reviewed in detail, and the basic principles of migration imaging technology (migration principle, imaging principle and imaging conditions) are introduced. On the basis of wave field extension (phase shift extension) in frequency wavenumber domain, split step Fourier operator, Fourier finite difference operator and generalized screen operator are derived by using the idea of wave field splitting, and the prestack depth migration imaging of each operator is realized in the gun domain. In the process of programming the migration algorithm, the key problems such as boundary, numerical dispersion, algorithm stability and so on are analyzed and dealt with, which are tested by various models (horizontal model, surface model, lens body model, Marmousi model). The correctness and feasibility of the wave equation prestack depth migration theory are verified, and the split-step Fourier algorithm is summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of Fourier finite difference algorithm and generalized screen algorithm in theoretical model migration imaging as well as the key factors affecting migration effect provide some reference for migration quality control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P631.4

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