發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-02-15 18:10

【摘要】：微細(xì)浸染型金礦作為一種難處理金礦,是我國的主要黃金資源之一。加強(qiáng)對微細(xì)浸染型金礦的開發(fā)和利用,具有十分重要的意義。論文以貴州某微細(xì)浸染型金礦為研究對象,在礦石性質(zhì)研究基礎(chǔ)上,開展非氰浸出試驗(yàn)研究。通過非氰方法研究、預(yù)處理方法研究和預(yù)處理-非氰浸出優(yōu)化試驗(yàn)研究確定合適的工藝流程和較佳的試驗(yàn)條件,采用不同測試手段對原礦、預(yù)處理樣和浸渣進(jìn)行對比分析,并從溶液化學(xué)反應(yīng)和熱力學(xué)角度對預(yù)處理和浸金體系進(jìn)行機(jī)理探討。通過多元素、礦物組成、金的化學(xué)物相、掃描電鏡和粒度組成分析研究礦石性質(zhì),表明礦石中金是主要有用元素,品位為3.46 g/t,銀、銅、鉛、鋅、銻和砷含量低,含有一定量有機(jī)碳。礦石主要由石英、方解石、黃鐵礦和粘土礦物組成。金呈分散分布,單體解離和連生金、硫化物、硅酸鹽和碳酸鹽包裹金分布率分別為22.96、34.24、23.73和19.07%。金分布不均勻,主要分布在較粗粒級和細(xì)粒級中。說明很難通過單一方法提高金回收率,各包裹體中金的暴露是有效浸金的關(guān)鍵。根據(jù)礦石性質(zhì)研究結(jié)果,選擇JQ、硫代硫酸鹽、硫氰酸鹽以及SZS四種非氰試劑在常溫常壓下進(jìn)行直接浸金探索試驗(yàn)研究,綜合考慮選擇SZS為浸金藥劑,SZS直接浸金率最高為60.53%。在浸出方法研究的基礎(chǔ)上,選擇常規(guī)焙燒、強(qiáng)氧化預(yù)處理、強(qiáng)堿性預(yù)處理和M-1+M-3預(yù)處理四種方法進(jìn)行原礦預(yù)處理試驗(yàn)研究,綜合考慮選擇M-1+M-3預(yù)處理方法。通過M-1+M-3預(yù)處理-SZS浸出工藝的優(yōu)化試驗(yàn)研究得出較佳的工藝為常溫常壓預(yù)處理后不脫藥直接常溫常壓浸出,較佳條件為:預(yù)處理過程M-1和M-3用量分別為50和105 kg/t,充氣量為1.8 m3/h,液固比為2:1,常溫?cái)嚢?4 h,浸出過程SZS濃度4.4%,催化劑Cu2+和NH3·H2O濃度分別為0.06 mol/L和1 mol/L,穩(wěn)定劑Na2SO3濃度為0.15 mol/L,礦漿液固比為3:1,pH為11,常溫?cái)嚢杞? h�；旌辖鰟┓�(wěn)定性較好,保質(zhì)期為10天左右,在此條件下金浸出率在84%~86%。采用XRD、XRF、物相分析、掃描電鏡、Raman和XPS等手段對原礦、預(yù)處理樣和浸渣進(jìn)行對比分析,得出經(jīng)過預(yù)處理和浸出后,礦物表面O、Si、Ca、Fe和S元素的化學(xué)環(huán)境發(fā)生了變化。預(yù)處理后Si、S含量降低,預(yù)處理作用使部分SiO2發(fā)生溶蝕,黃鐵礦被氧化成Fe2O3和SO42-,預(yù)處理后硅酸鹽、黃鐵礦中金分布率降低,單體解離金和連生金、碳酸鹽中金分布率增大,說明經(jīng)過預(yù)處理,大部分硫化物和硅酸鹽中金被暴露或解離成游離金,但新生成的碳酸鹽又重新包裹了金。通過預(yù)處理過程化學(xué)反應(yīng)吉布斯自由能?G和Eh-pH圖的分析,表明溶液中存在氧化劑,反應(yīng)時(shí)間足夠長時(shí),大多數(shù)黃鐵礦最終會被氧化成Fe2O3和SO42-;溶液的pH環(huán)境和離子強(qiáng)度顯著影響著石英的溶解,較高pH條件有利于石英的溶解,SiO2的溶解受溶液中物質(zhì)擴(kuò)散影響小,主要受化學(xué)反應(yīng)的限制。從溶液化學(xué)反應(yīng)和熱力學(xué)角度對SZS-銅-氨體系進(jìn)行了機(jī)理探討,表明SO32-有助于S2O32-的穩(wěn)定,但也會加速Sx2-反應(yīng)生成S2O32-。溶液中pH值、Cu(NH3)42+和SO32-濃度直接和間接地影響著浸金效果。
[Abstract]:The fine-disseminated gold deposit is one of the main gold resources in China as a kind of hard-to-treat gold mine. It is of great significance to strengthen the development and utilization of the micro-disseminated gold deposit. In this paper, a study on non-cyanide leaching is carried out on the basis of the study of the ore properties of a fine disseminated gold deposit in Guizhou. Through the study on the non-cyanide process, the pretreatment method and the pretreatment-non-cyanide leaching optimization test, the appropriate process flow and the better test conditions are determined, and the raw ore, the pretreatment sample and the leaching residue are compared and analyzed by different test methods. The mechanism of pretreatment and gold-leaching system is discussed from the chemical reaction and the thermodynamic angle of the solution. The properties of the ore were studied by multi-element, mineral composition, chemical phase of gold, scanning electron microscope and particle size composition. It is indicated that gold in the ore is the main useful element. The grade is 3.46 g/ t, and the content of silver, copper, lead, zinc, antimony and arsenic is low and contains a certain amount of organic carbon. The ore is mainly composed of quartz, calcite, pyrite and clay minerals. The distribution rate of gold, sulfide, silicate and carbonate was 22. 96, 34. 24, 23. 73 and 19. 07%, respectively. The distribution of gold is not uniform, and is mainly distributed in the coarse and fine-grained grades. It is difficult to improve the recovery rate of gold by a single method, and the exposure of gold in each package is the key to the effective gold leaching. Based on the results of the study on the properties of the ore, four non-cyanide reagents, such as JQ, thiosulphate, thiocyanate and SZS, were selected for direct gold leaching in normal temperature and normal pressure. On the basis of the research of the leaching method, four methods, such as conventional roasting, strong oxidation pretreatment, strong alkaline pretreatment and M-1 + M-3 pretreatment, are selected to carry out the pretreatment test of the raw ore, and the M-1 + M-3 pretreatment method is comprehensively considered. The optimum process of the pretreatment with M-1 + M-3 pretreatment-SZS leaching process is as follows: the pretreatment process M-1 and M-3 are respectively 50 and 105 kg/ t, the aeration amount is 1. 8m3/ h, the liquid-solid ratio is 2: 1, The concentration of Cu 2 + and NH3 路 H2O at room temperature is 4. 4%, the concentration of the catalyst Cu2 + and NH3 路 H2O is 0.06mol/ L and 1mol/ L, the concentration of the stabilizer Na2SO3 is 0. 15mol/ L, the solid ratio of the ore slurry is 3: 1, the pH is 11, and the leaching is carried out at normal temperature for 4 h. The stability of the mixed leaching agent is good, and the shelf life is about 10 days. Under this condition, the leaching rate of gold is 84% ~ 86%. The chemical environment of O, Si, Ca, Fe and S elements in the mineral surface was changed by means of XRD, XRF, phase analysis, scanning electron microscope, Raman and XPS. The chemical environment of O, Si, Ca, Fe and S elements in the mineral surface was changed after pretreatment and leaching. after the pretreatment, the content of Si and S is reduced, the pre-treatment effect causes the partial SiO2 to be eroded, the pyrite is oxidized into Fe2O3 and SO42-, the gold distribution rate of the pre-treated silicate and the pyrite is reduced, the gold distribution rate of the monomer is increased, and the description is subjected to pretreatment, Most of the sulfides and silicates are exposed or dissociated into free gold, but the newly formed carbonate is re-wrapped with gold. Free energy of Gibbs free reaction through pretreatment process? The analysis of G and Eh-pH maps shows that when the oxidizing agent is present in the solution and the reaction time is long enough, most of the pyrite is finally oxidized to Fe2O3 and SO42-; the pH environment and the ionic strength of the solution greatly influence the dissolution of the quartz, and the higher pH condition is beneficial to the dissolution of the quartz, The dissolution of SiO2 is affected by the diffusion of the substance in the solution, which is mainly limited by the chemical reaction. The mechanism of SZS-Cu-ammonia system is discussed from the chemical reaction and the thermodynamic angle of the solution, which shows that SO32-can help the stability of S2O32-, but also accelerate the Sx2-reaction to generate the S2O32-. The pH value, Cu (NH3) 42 + and SO32-concentration in the solution directly and indirectly affect the gold leaching effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD953

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