【摘要】：李樓鐵礦是國內大型的地下黑色金屬礦山之一,采用1OOm高階段空場嗣后充填采礦法,分礦房礦柱兩步驟回采。由于高階段、高分段而形成的大結構采場,單個采場空區(qū)體積達10～16萬m3,在高階段兩步驟回采過程中,一步回采與二步回采的時間銜接、充填體配比及其強度性能、充填體強度在采場中的空間分布規(guī)律等方面嚴重制約采場的安全性和經濟性。因此,本文以李樓鐵礦為項目依托,通過現(xiàn)場工程地質調查、室內力學實驗、理論分析、數(shù)值模擬、井下原位強度檢測和電鏡掃描等多種方法研究高階段膠結充填體的強度特性及充填配比。主要內容如下:(1)通過工程地質調查和室內力學試驗,獲取了礦區(qū)巖體優(yōu)勢結構面的產狀與礦巖力學參數(shù),經過對礦巖的力學參數(shù)分析,得到了相關巖體的力學參數(shù),為后續(xù)的數(shù)值模擬計算和分析奠定了基礎�，F(xiàn)場調查發(fā)現(xiàn)二步回采礦柱時,充填體破壞垮落嚴重,且破壞部位分布不均勻,突顯了充填體料漿配比、強度性能、強度的空間分布及二步回采時間等對二步回采安全性有重要的影響。(2)通過全尾砂材料性能試驗研究,建立了全尾砂膠結充填體固化強度與養(yǎng)護齡期之間的數(shù)學表達式。在高階段嗣后充填法中,引入表征膠結充填體的變形比能與礦柱回采釋放比能關系的能量匹配系數(shù),獲得了該系數(shù)與礦石的彈性模量、垂直應力與充填體固結強度的關系,揭示了膠結充填體固化時間與礦柱能量的內在聯(lián)系,定量分析了二步驟回采礦柱的合理時間。(3)通過分析膠結充填體與圍巖的力學接觸狀態(tài),推導了膠結充填體強度極限側壓狀態(tài)下的三維力學模型,揭示了充填體應力拱效應的分布規(guī)律。采用FLAC兩步驟數(shù)值模擬,分析了不同配比參數(shù)下膠結充填體應力場、位移場和塑性破壞區(qū)。綜合礦山充填工程布置、三維力學模型以及兩步驟數(shù)值模擬回采,提出了高階段采場充填配比設計方案。(4)基于李樓鐵礦充填體強度檢測和微觀電鏡掃描實驗,對井下原位強度與地表試件進行差異化分析,獲得了高階段采場充填體強度呈“駝峰”分布規(guī)律,從微觀孔隙結構發(fā)育特征揭示了自重壓力與采場排水布置對高階段膠結充填體固化強度的作用機理。在采場充填配比優(yōu)化區(qū)內,實現(xiàn)安全開采的同時,降低了充填成本,提高了經濟效益。
[Abstract]:Lilou Iron Mine is one of the large underground ferrous metal mines in China. The method of 1OOm high stage open field subsequent filling mining is adopted, which is divided into two steps of quarry pillar mining. Because of the large structure stope formed by high stage and high section, the volume of single stope goaf reaches 10 ~ 160000 m3. In the high stage two-step mining process, the time connection between one-step extraction and two-step mining, the ratio of backfill and its strength performance are discussed. The safety and economy of stope are seriously restricted by the spatial distribution of backfill strength in stope. Therefore, based on the project of Li Lou Iron Mine, through field engineering geological investigation, laboratory mechanical experiments, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, In situ strength testing and scanning electron microscopy are used to study the strength characteristics and filling ratio of cemented backfill in high stage. The main contents are as follows: (1) through engineering geological investigation and laboratory mechanical test, the occurrence and mechanical parameters of dominant structure plane of rock mass in mining area are obtained. Through the analysis of mechanical parameters of ore rock, the mechanical parameters of related rock mass are obtained. It lays a foundation for subsequent numerical simulation and analysis. The field investigation found that when the two-step mining pillar was returned, the failure of the backfill was serious, and the distribution of the damaged part was not even, which highlighted the mixture ratio and strength performance of the filling body. The spatial distribution of strength and the time of two-step mining have important effects on the safety of two-step mining. (2) the mathematical expression between the curing strength and curing age of the cemented filling is established through the experimental study of the properties of the whole tailings. In the high stage subsequent filling method, the energy matching coefficient is introduced to characterize the relationship between the deformation specific energy of cemented filling body and the specific energy ratio of pillar recovery and release, and the relationship between the coefficient and the elastic modulus of ore, vertical stress and consolidation strength of filling body is obtained. The relationship between solidification time of cemented filling body and pillar energy is revealed, and the reasonable time of two-step return mining pillar is quantitatively analyzed. (3) the mechanical contact state between cemented filling body and surrounding rock is analyzed. The 3D mechanical model of cemented filling under ultimate lateral pressure is derived, and the distribution of stress arch effect is revealed. Using FLAC two-step numerical simulation, the stress field, displacement field and plastic failure zone of cemented filling body under different proportioning parameters are analyzed. According to the layout of mine filling engineering, three-dimensional mechanical model and two-step numerical simulation, the design scheme of filling ratio in high stage stope is put forward. (4) based on the strength test of the filling body of Lilou Iron Mine and the microscopic electron microscope scanning experiment, The difference analysis between underground in-situ strength and surface specimen is carried out, and the distribution law of the strength of filling body in high stage stope is shown as "hump". The mechanism of gravity pressure and stope drainage arrangement on solidification strength of cemented backfill at high stage was revealed from the microcosmic pore structure development characteristics. In the optimized area of stope filling ratio, the safe mining is realized, the filling cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.
【學位授予單位】：北京科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD853.343;TD861.1

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