【摘要】：尾礦庫(kù)作為一種儲(chǔ)存金屬或者非金屬礦山進(jìn)行礦石選礦后排出的尾礦的場(chǎng)所,主要用來(lái)保護(hù)礦山周圍的環(huán)境。但同時(shí)尾礦庫(kù)也是一類具有巨大能量的危險(xiǎn)源。在長(zhǎng)達(dá)十多年甚至數(shù)十年的期間里,各種自然的(雨水、地震、鼠洞等)和人為的(管理不善、工農(nóng)關(guān)系不協(xié)調(diào)等)不利因素時(shí)時(shí)刻刻或周期性地威脅著它的安全。一旦潰壩就會(huì)對(duì)下游的環(huán)境及居民的財(cái)產(chǎn)和生命造成巨大的威脅。本著預(yù)防為主的安全理念,在下游流通區(qū)域修筑攔擋工程變得十分必要。攔擋工程主要以攔擋壩為主,但是尾礦庫(kù)潰壩泥石流攔擋壩存在無(wú)法承受潰壩的沖擊而被沖毀的危險(xiǎn),這樣會(huì)對(duì)下游帶來(lái)更大的危害,所以本文參照不同類型的攔擋壩,設(shè)計(jì)出一種新型潰壩泥石流攔擋壩,以研究新型攔擋壩對(duì)潰壩泥石流的攔擋性能。本文主要完成的工作和研究成果:首先,通過(guò)對(duì)比不同泥石流攔擋壩的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),提出新型潰壩泥石流攔擋壩結(jié)構(gòu),并從機(jī)理方面系統(tǒng)地研究中間材料和新型攔擋壩結(jié)構(gòu)的消能緩沖性能。然后,系統(tǒng)地研究了具有吸能性能的材料-泡沫混凝土,制作并測(cè)試試件的抗壓強(qiáng)度和抗沖擊性能,得到了的泡沫混凝土的相關(guān)規(guī)律。從規(guī)律中分析符合要求的配合比制作新型攔擋壩。最后,對(duì)某尾礦庫(kù)尾礦砂進(jìn)行取樣、土工試驗(yàn)等環(huán)節(jié),利用課題組自主設(shè)計(jì)的尾礦庫(kù)模型,選擇一定質(zhì)量濃度的尾礦砂漿體進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),模擬在尾礦庫(kù)全潰壩的情況下,攔擋壩修筑位置和新型攔擋壩中間吸能材料的厚度對(duì)下游流通區(qū)域指定位置的潰壩泥石流攔擋效應(yīng)的影響。試驗(yàn)得出,攔擋壩修筑位置距離庫(kù)區(qū)越近以及新型攔擋壩中間吸能材料厚度的增加,能夠降低下游流通區(qū)域指定位置的泥深峰值和龍頭流速,為下游流通區(qū)域的人身和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全提供一定的保證。在此基礎(chǔ)上提出攔擋壩的綜合管理措施以保證攔擋壩能夠在尾礦失事時(shí)起到緩沖效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:The tailings reservoir is used to protect the environment around the mine as a kind of tailings which are stored in metal or non-metal mines after ore dressing. But at the same time, the tailings reservoir is also a kind of dangerous source with great energy. For more than a decade or even decades, a variety of natural (Rain Water, earthquakes, rodent holes, etc.) and man-made (mismanagement, poor relations between workers and farmers, etc.) have threatened its safety all the time or periodically. Once the dam breaks, it will pose a great threat to the downstream environment and residents' property and life. Based on the safety concept of prevention, it is necessary to build the blocking project in the downstream circulation area. The blocking works are mainly dam blocking, but the debris flow dam of tailings dam break has the risk of being washed out because it can't bear the impact of dam break, which will bring more harm to the downstream, so this paper refers to different types of dam blocking. A new type of dam-break debris flow blocking dam is designed to study the blocking performance of new-type dam-break debris flow. The main work and research results of this paper are as follows: firstly, by comparing the merits and demerits of different debris flow retaining dams, a new type of dam-break debris flow retaining dam structure is proposed. The energy dissipation and buffering performance of intermediate materials and new retaining dam structures are systematically studied in terms of mechanism. Then, the foam concrete with energy absorption property is systematically studied, and the compressive strength and impact resistance of the specimen are tested and made, and the relevant laws of the foam concrete are obtained. According to the law, a new type of blocking dam is made by analyzing the matching ratio which meets the requirements. Finally, the tailings of a tailings reservoir are sampled and tested, and the tailings mortar with certain mass concentration is selected by using the tailings reservoir model designed independently by the research group, and the dam failure of the tailings reservoir is simulated. The influence of the construction position of the dam and the thickness of the new energy absorbing material in the middle of the dam on the blocking effect of the dam-break debris flow at the designated position in the downstream circulation area. The test results show that the closer the construction position of the dam is to the reservoir area and the increase of the thickness of the new type of energy absorbing material in the middle of the dam, the peak value of mud depth and the flow velocity of the faucet can be reduced in the designated position of the downstream circulation area. Provide certain guarantee for the personal and property safety of the downstream circulation area. On this basis, the comprehensive management measures of retaining dam are put forward to ensure that the blocking dam can play a buffer effect in tailings crash.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD926.4

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