復(fù)雜條件下某礦體雙中段回采開(kāi)采效應(yīng)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-29 17:31
【摘要】：礦產(chǎn)資源是礦山可持續(xù)發(fā)展的基本條件。為減少礦物資源的損失,不僅要回采容易開(kāi)采的礦體,還需要盡可能的回采各種復(fù)雜地質(zhì)條件的礦體。為保證井下礦體回采的安全性,通常會(huì)留大量的礦柱來(lái)支撐頂板和上下盤(pán)圍巖。為不造成礦柱上礦石資源的損失,通常會(huì)在采完礦房后進(jìn)行礦柱的回采工作。由于礦房回采后造成礦柱上應(yīng)力集中,增大了礦柱回采的難度,水平礦柱下和大型充填體中的礦柱回采是其中最為復(fù)雜的情況之一。因此,研究充填體包裹住的、水平礦柱下的礦柱的回采方法及回采效應(yīng),對(duì)類(lèi)似情況下的礦柱回采具有重要意義。本文針對(duì)安慶銅礦-520~-640 m中段二步驟回采的礦柱5號(hào)柱的回采進(jìn)行研究。通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的地質(zhì)調(diào)查和文獻(xiàn)閱讀了解礦山的地質(zhì)情況,和地應(yīng)力的分布規(guī)律。應(yīng)用理論分析、數(shù)值模擬、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)等手段,分析了采場(chǎng)的穩(wěn)定性和回采效應(yīng),并對(duì)空區(qū)的治理提出了充填方案。論文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)論如下:(1)對(duì)礦區(qū)的地質(zhì)條件、巖石性質(zhì)、地應(yīng)力等進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要分析,得到了礦巖性質(zhì)為一般、地應(yīng)力隨深度的線性變化關(guān)系。(2)采用太沙基模型法和Thomas模型法對(duì)充填體的穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行理論分析,得到了5號(hào)柱回采過(guò)程中兩側(cè)充填體及頂板能保持穩(wěn)定的結(jié)論。在此基礎(chǔ)上,選擇了5號(hào)柱的采礦方法為垂直深孔球狀藥包落礦階段礦房法(VCR法)。為保證礦山生產(chǎn)能力,提出雙中段VCR法嗣后充填采礦方法。(3)將安慶銅礦的采掘計(jì)劃圖經(jīng)過(guò)處理后用實(shí)體建模軟件SURPAC打開(kāi),建立了礦體和圍巖的實(shí)體和塊體模型并導(dǎo)出質(zhì)心坐標(biāo)。以塊體質(zhì)心的坐標(biāo)在FLAC3D中建立了礦體網(wǎng)格模型。參考前人對(duì)安慶銅礦的圍巖、礦體、充填體的強(qiáng)度測(cè)量結(jié)果,通過(guò)FLAC3D對(duì)礦體的回采過(guò)程進(jìn)行模擬,得到了5號(hào)柱回采過(guò)程中頂板與兩側(cè)充填體的應(yīng)力、位移變化規(guī)律,驗(yàn)證了上一章回采過(guò)程中頂板和充填體能維持穩(wěn)定的論述。(4)采用光彈性應(yīng)力計(jì)對(duì)采場(chǎng)頂板的二次應(yīng)力進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè),得到了頂板的二次應(yīng)力變化規(guī)律,并驗(yàn)證了模擬計(jì)算的可靠性。采用三維激光探測(cè)系統(tǒng)(C-ALS)對(duì)5號(hào)柱空區(qū)進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)探測(cè),通過(guò)空區(qū)剖面是礦體設(shè)計(jì)邊界的對(duì)比,發(fā)現(xiàn)5號(hào)柱兩側(cè)充填體沒(méi)有發(fā)生垮落,證明了雙階段VCR法高強(qiáng)度回采下充填體確實(shí)能維持穩(wěn)定。(5)根據(jù)模擬研究和空區(qū)探測(cè)結(jié)果,提出了空區(qū)頂部和底部采用膠結(jié)充填、中部采用尾砂充填的空區(qū)治理方案。采場(chǎng)底部采用膠結(jié)充填40 m,中間尾砂充填40 m,頂部膠結(jié)充填40 m。采用FLAC3D對(duì)充填效果進(jìn)行模擬,得到充填后5號(hào)柱充填體兩側(cè)的塑性區(qū)和水平位移減小的結(jié)論,證明了尾砂膠結(jié)充填和尾砂充填的有效性。
[Abstract]:Mineral resources are the basic conditions for the sustainable development of mines. In order to reduce the loss of mineral resources, not only the orebodies which are easy to be mined, but also the orebodies with various complicated geological conditions should be recovered as much as possible. In order to ensure the safety of underground orebody mining, a large number of pillars are usually left to support the roof and upper and lower wall rocks. In order to avoid the loss of ore resources on the pillar, the pillar recovery is usually carried out after the mining house is finished. Because of the stress concentration on the pillar caused by the mining of the mine house, the difficulty of the pillar mining is increased, and the pillar mining under the horizontal pillar and in the large filling body is one of the most complex cases. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the stoping method and the recovery effect of the pillar under the horizontal pillar encased by the filling body. In this paper, the mining of pillar 5 pillar in the middle section of -520 ~ 640m in Anqing Copper Mine is studied. Through the field geological survey and literature reading to understand the geological situation of the mine and the distribution of stress. By means of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field monitoring, the stope stability and recovery effect are analyzed, and the filling scheme for the treatment of the empty area is put forward. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the geological conditions, rock properties and in-situ stress of the mining area are briefly analyzed, and it is concluded that the ore and rock properties are general. (2) the stability of backfill is theoretically analyzed by using the method of Terzaghi model and Thomas model, and the conclusion that the backfill and roof can keep stable during the mining process of column No. 5 is obtained. On this basis, the mining method of No. 5 pillar is VCR method in the stage of vertical deep hole pellet. In order to ensure mine production capacity, a method of subsequent filling mining with double middle section VCR method is put forward. (3) after processing, the excavation plan map of Anqing Copper Mine is opened up with entity modeling software SURPAC. The solid and block models of orebody and surrounding rock are established and the coordinate of center of mass is derived. The orebody mesh model is established in FLAC3D with the coordinate of block body center. Referring to the results of strength measurement of surrounding rock, orebody and filling body of Anqing Copper Mine, the stress and displacement of roof and filling body of pillar No. 5 are obtained by simulating the mining process of orebody by FLAC3D. This paper verifies the discussion of the stability of roof and filling ability in the previous chapter. (4) the secondary stress of roof is monitored by photoelastic stress meter, and the change law of secondary stress of roof is obtained. The reliability of the simulation calculation is verified. Three-dimensional laser detection system (C-ALS) was used to detect the hollow area of column 5. By comparing the section of the hollow area with the design boundary of the orebody, it was found that there was no collapse of the filling body on both sides of column 5. It is proved that the two-stage VCR method can maintain the stability of the high strength stoping filling body. (5) according to the simulation study and the results of the empty area detection, the paper puts forward the project of treating the hollow area with cemented filling at the top and bottom of the hollow area and filling with tailings in the middle part. The stope bottom is cemented 40 m, middle tailings 40 m, top cemented 40 m. FLAC3D is used to simulate the filling effect, and the conclusion of plastic zone and horizontal displacement decrease on both sides of the filling body after filling is obtained, which proves the effectiveness of tailing cemented filling and tailings filling.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TD853.391
本文編號(hào)：2298340
[Abstract]:Mineral resources are the basic conditions for the sustainable development of mines. In order to reduce the loss of mineral resources, not only the orebodies which are easy to be mined, but also the orebodies with various complicated geological conditions should be recovered as much as possible. In order to ensure the safety of underground orebody mining, a large number of pillars are usually left to support the roof and upper and lower wall rocks. In order to avoid the loss of ore resources on the pillar, the pillar recovery is usually carried out after the mining house is finished. Because of the stress concentration on the pillar caused by the mining of the mine house, the difficulty of the pillar mining is increased, and the pillar mining under the horizontal pillar and in the large filling body is one of the most complex cases. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the stoping method and the recovery effect of the pillar under the horizontal pillar encased by the filling body. In this paper, the mining of pillar 5 pillar in the middle section of -520 ~ 640m in Anqing Copper Mine is studied. Through the field geological survey and literature reading to understand the geological situation of the mine and the distribution of stress. By means of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field monitoring, the stope stability and recovery effect are analyzed, and the filling scheme for the treatment of the empty area is put forward. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the geological conditions, rock properties and in-situ stress of the mining area are briefly analyzed, and it is concluded that the ore and rock properties are general. (2) the stability of backfill is theoretically analyzed by using the method of Terzaghi model and Thomas model, and the conclusion that the backfill and roof can keep stable during the mining process of column No. 5 is obtained. On this basis, the mining method of No. 5 pillar is VCR method in the stage of vertical deep hole pellet. In order to ensure mine production capacity, a method of subsequent filling mining with double middle section VCR method is put forward. (3) after processing, the excavation plan map of Anqing Copper Mine is opened up with entity modeling software SURPAC. The solid and block models of orebody and surrounding rock are established and the coordinate of center of mass is derived. The orebody mesh model is established in FLAC3D with the coordinate of block body center. Referring to the results of strength measurement of surrounding rock, orebody and filling body of Anqing Copper Mine, the stress and displacement of roof and filling body of pillar No. 5 are obtained by simulating the mining process of orebody by FLAC3D. This paper verifies the discussion of the stability of roof and filling ability in the previous chapter. (4) the secondary stress of roof is monitored by photoelastic stress meter, and the change law of secondary stress of roof is obtained. The reliability of the simulation calculation is verified. Three-dimensional laser detection system (C-ALS) was used to detect the hollow area of column 5. By comparing the section of the hollow area with the design boundary of the orebody, it was found that there was no collapse of the filling body on both sides of column 5. It is proved that the two-stage VCR method can maintain the stability of the high strength stoping filling body. (5) according to the simulation study and the results of the empty area detection, the paper puts forward the project of treating the hollow area with cemented filling at the top and bottom of the hollow area and filling with tailings in the middle part. The stope bottom is cemented 40 m, middle tailings 40 m, top cemented 40 m. FLAC3D is used to simulate the filling effect, and the conclusion of plastic zone and horizontal displacement decrease on both sides of the filling body after filling is obtained, which proves the effectiveness of tailing cemented filling and tailings filling.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TD853.391
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