發(fā)布時間：2018-10-21 14:40

【摘要】：針對陜南秦嶺山區(qū)的礦山環(huán)境損害,選取4個市86個不同礦種礦山,在實地調(diào)查與取樣的基礎(chǔ)上,對礦區(qū)主要的環(huán)境問題進行了識別和分析。通過實驗室樣品檢測和研究區(qū)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)收集與整理分析,水體及土壤污染較為突出,選取影響比較大的因素如各類地質(zhì)災(zāi)害、水土流失、植被破壞、土地占用等作為評價指標。對選中的指標構(gòu)造層次結(jié)構(gòu)模型,采用層次分析法進行權(quán)重計算,并對不易定量的指標按照事先制定好的標準進行定性賦分,量化指標數(shù)據(jù)。分別建立模糊綜合評價模型和物元可拓模型,將秦嶺山區(qū)礦區(qū)環(huán)境損害劃分為輕度損害、中度損害、重度損害三個等級,計算各指標對模型的隸屬度,通過權(quán)重系數(shù)與隸屬度的模糊運算確定評價等級,將兩種方法的結(jié)果進行對比分析,得出最終結(jié)論。論文主要結(jié)論如下:(1)礦區(qū)關(guān)鍵的環(huán)境損害問題是環(huán)境污染、生態(tài)破壞與地質(zhì)災(zāi)害。環(huán)境污染主要是礦區(qū)水體和土壤重金屬污染較嚴重;生態(tài)方面,開采破壞植被和含水層,加劇了水土流失;地災(zāi)方面則以崩塌和滑坡為代表;(2)在礦區(qū)環(huán)境損害評價中,植被破壞對陜南礦區(qū)環(huán)境損害的貢獻值最大,達到了 0.24,其次分別為泥石流、水土流失、水資源破壞、地面塌陷、水體重金屬污染、土地占用與破壞、滑坡和土壤重金屬污染,崩塌(0.02)對環(huán)境損害的影響最小:(3)模糊綜合評價法與物元可拓評價法的評價結(jié)果一致,為中度損害,相互印證了彼此的結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:In view of the mine environmental damage in Qinling Mountain area of South Shaanxi Province, 86 different mines in 4 cities were selected, and the main environmental problems in the mining area were identified and analyzed on the basis of field investigation and sampling. Through the collection and analysis of laboratory samples and related data in the research area, the pollution of water and soil is more prominent, and the factors that have a great influence on it, such as various geological hazards, soil erosion, vegetation destruction, land occupation and so on, are selected as evaluation indexes. To construct the hierarchical structure model of the selected index, the weight is calculated by AHP, and the index which is not easy to be quantified is qualitatively graded according to the pre-established standard, and the index data is quantified. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and matter-element extension model are established respectively. The environmental damage in Qinling mountain area is divided into three grades: mild damage, moderate damage and severe damage. The membership degree of each index to the model is calculated. The evaluation grade is determined by fuzzy operation of weight coefficient and membership degree. The results of the two methods are compared and analyzed, and the final conclusion is drawn. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the key problems of environmental damage in mining area are environmental pollution, ecological damage and geological hazard. Environmental pollution is mainly caused by heavy metal pollution in water and soil of mining area; ecologically, mining destroys vegetation and aquifer, which intensifies soil and water loss; disaster is represented by collapse and landslide; (2) in environmental damage assessment of mining area, The contribution of vegetation damage to environmental damage in the mining area of southern Shaanxi is the largest, reaching 0.24, followed by debris flow, soil erosion, water resources destruction, ground collapse, water body heavy metal pollution, land occupation and destruction, landslide and soil heavy metal pollution. The impact of collapse (0.02) on environmental damage is the least. (3) the evaluation results of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and matter-element extension evaluation method are consistent, which are moderate damage, and mutually confirm the conclusion of each other.
【學位授予單位】：西安科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD167

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本文編號：2285404