【摘要】：本文針對(duì)目前高梯度強(qiáng)磁選設(shè)備的工業(yè)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀,分析了不同類型聚磁介質(zhì)工業(yè)應(yīng)用中存在的優(yōu)勢與不足,設(shè)計(jì)了一種用于強(qiáng)化細(xì)粒級(jí)弱磁性鐵礦物回收的強(qiáng)磁選用聚磁介質(zhì),借助于有限元仿真模擬對(duì)單一介質(zhì)體及復(fù)合介質(zhì)體交互作用體系下的磁場特性進(jìn)行了數(shù)值分析,詳細(xì)地考查了鏡鐵礦單礦物在介質(zhì)表面的磁吸附率及幾種赤鐵礦礦石的高梯度分選效果,系統(tǒng)地驗(yàn)證了數(shù)值模擬對(duì)物料分選行為的預(yù)測規(guī)律,從而確定了凸極介質(zhì)的最佳參數(shù)。通過采用X射線衍射分析、化學(xué)分析、鐵物相分析及顯微鏡下查定等多種分析檢測手段,對(duì)不同粒級(jí)鏡鐵礦單礦物開展了礦物種類的查定、鐵含量的測定、含鐵的礦物類型的確定及相應(yīng)鐵分布率的標(biāo)定等工作,結(jié)果表明：鏡鐵礦單礦物試樣中鐵礦物主要為α-赤鐵礦,其鐵分布率占所有含鐵礦物量的99%,粒度較粗的物料中赤鐵礦的礦物含量相對(duì)較低,并查明了各粒級(jí)單礦物中鐵礦物的解離狀態(tài)。通過化學(xué)分析、粒度篩析、鐵物相分析等檢測手段,對(duì)寶鋼集團(tuán)梅山礦業(yè)公司選礦廠強(qiáng)磁掃選尾礦、東鞍山燒結(jié)廠強(qiáng)磁給礦及強(qiáng)磁尾礦、海南石碌鐵尾礦等多種礦石的物料性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了查定,弄清了物料的粒度分布情況、不同粒級(jí)鐵的分布率、鐵礦物的存在類型及相對(duì)含量,結(jié)果表明：幾種弱磁性鐵礦石試樣中主要含鐵礦物均為赤鐵礦,原礦物料粒度小于0.043mm的粒級(jí)均占80%以上,說明幾種弱磁性鐵礦石中待回收鐵礦物均為赤鐵礦且集中于細(xì)粒級(jí)物料中。采用Ansoft三維磁場模擬技術(shù)對(duì)輔助凸極聚磁介質(zhì)的單一介質(zhì)體及多介質(zhì)體復(fù)合體系的磁場特性進(jìn)行仿真研究,探明了介質(zhì)體表面輔助凸極的尖端形狀、角度、凸極間距等結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對(duì)單元介質(zhì)體周圍磁場分布的影響規(guī)律,揭示了多介質(zhì)體復(fù)合體系介質(zhì)間感應(yīng)磁場的交互影響機(jī)制,預(yù)測了不同介質(zhì)的磁場特性對(duì)分選過程產(chǎn)生的可能影響,研究結(jié)果表明：凸極介質(zhì)較之等徑圓棒介質(zhì)在介質(zhì)表面磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度和磁場不均勻程度上均有提高,尤其在背景磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度較低時(shí)這種情況更為突出；凸極尖角過大或過小均不利于分選,確定適宜凸極尖角角度為60。：在凸極間距為2mm或4mm時(shí),尖端高磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度和凹部低磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度交替出現(xiàn)的頻率高,沿介質(zhì)體軸向介質(zhì)表面磁場的不均勻程度提高,預(yù)測分選效果較好；相鄰介質(zhì)中心距越小,介質(zhì)間的磁感應(yīng)云疊加效果越顯著,介質(zhì)表面凸極尖端及周圍空隙的磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度越大,隨介質(zhì)中心距增大,介質(zhì)表面磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度逐漸減弱,但中心距增大到一定程度時(shí),介質(zhì)間的磁感應(yīng)交互影響已弱化且等同于單一介質(zhì)體時(shí)的磁感應(yīng)分布。在水平磁場和垂直磁場下分別進(jìn)行了印度細(xì)粒赤鐵礦、廣東英德褐鐵礦強(qiáng)磁尾礦及寶鋼集團(tuán)梅山礦業(yè)公司選礦廠強(qiáng)磁掃選尾礦的不同介質(zhì)的分選試驗(yàn),初步明確了凸極介質(zhì)體表面凸極棱角突出強(qiáng)化了磁場梯度作用,進(jìn)而增強(qiáng)介質(zhì)對(duì)磁性礦物顆粒的磁力作用,可提高鐵精礦回收率,通過探索試驗(yàn)證實(shí)了改變介質(zhì)表面結(jié)構(gòu)特征是強(qiáng)化磁場梯度作用進(jìn)而增大磁場力的有效途徑。在一定范圍內(nèi)較大棒徑的介質(zhì)可通過適當(dāng)降低棒(絲)間隙及提高介質(zhì)充填率的方式取得與較小介質(zhì)相當(dāng)?shù)姆诌x效果。此外,較大棒徑的介質(zhì)雖表面磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度較高,但介質(zhì)表面積減小,有效吸附磁性物面積降低；棒徑小的介質(zhì)磁場梯度較大,介質(zhì)表面積大,但充填率降低,磁損耗增加,因此針對(duì)不同待分選物料應(yīng)確定適宜分選的介質(zhì)棒徑與充填率。通過不同粒級(jí)鏡鐵礦單礦物的磁吸附試驗(yàn),考察了凸極介質(zhì)的排布方式、脈動(dòng)水流作用對(duì)不同粒級(jí)單礦物磁吸附行為的影響,揭示了介質(zhì)參數(shù)對(duì)弱磁性單礦物的捕獲行為,找出了粒度特征對(duì)單礦物磁吸附作用體系的作用機(jī)制,驗(yàn)證了三維磁場模擬的預(yù)測結(jié)果,研究結(jié)果表明：交錯(cuò)排列的介質(zhì)對(duì)鏡鐵礦單礦物的磁吸附率高于平行排列介質(zhì)的相應(yīng)值,當(dāng)給料粒度減小時(shí),交錯(cuò)排列與平行排列介質(zhì)磁性物吸附率的差值逐漸增大；增加脈動(dòng)作用(脈動(dòng)沖程為11.4mm,沖次為150次/min)較之無脈動(dòng)作用時(shí),相同間隙的不同凸極間距介質(zhì)對(duì)物料的磁性物吸附效果差異性更明顯；凸極間距為1.Omm時(shí)的凸極介質(zhì)的磁性物吸附能力最佳。在相同間隙下,凸極介質(zhì)較之光滑圓棒介質(zhì)對(duì)鏡鐵礦單礦物的磁力作用更大,回收率更高。通過對(duì)東鞍山強(qiáng)磁給礦、東鞍山強(qiáng)磁尾礦、海南石碌鐵尾礦開展系統(tǒng)的磁分離試驗(yàn),詳細(xì)考察了介質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)變化對(duì)分選效果產(chǎn)生的差異性,確定了適宜強(qiáng)化弱磁性細(xì)粒鐵礦物顆�；厥盏木鄞沤橘|(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),分析了介質(zhì)對(duì)弱磁性物料的分選行為,揭示了介質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)與介質(zhì)體系特征參數(shù)對(duì)磁性產(chǎn)物粒度分布的作用規(guī)律等問題,并對(duì)凸極介質(zhì)和圓棒介質(zhì)的在相同背景磁場強(qiáng)度下的指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了對(duì)比,研究結(jié)果表明：凸極間距為1.Omm,介質(zhì)體間隙為3mm的介質(zhì)參數(shù)對(duì)東鞍山強(qiáng)磁給礦的分選效果最好；凸極間距為0.5mm,介質(zhì)體間隙為2mm的介質(zhì)參數(shù)對(duì)東鞍山強(qiáng)磁尾礦和海南石碌鐵尾礦的分選效果最好；凸極介質(zhì)較之圓棒介質(zhì),其磁性產(chǎn)物粒度回收下限有所降低,同時(shí)其回收率的提高主要源自細(xì)粒級(jí)顆粒的回收,達(dá)到了強(qiáng)化細(xì)粒級(jí)弱磁性礦物回收的目的。凸極介質(zhì)與圓棒介質(zhì)達(dá)到相同磁性產(chǎn)物回收率的情況下,凸極介質(zhì)所需的背景磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度平均低于圓棒介質(zhì)背景磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度約0.2T,為強(qiáng)磁選設(shè)備的節(jié)能降耗起到較大的作用。本文的研究成果為強(qiáng)化弱磁性鐵礦物顆粒的強(qiáng)磁選回收提供了新的技術(shù)思路,為聚磁介質(zhì)的開發(fā)與改進(jìn)奠定了理論基礎(chǔ),同時(shí)也為改善高梯度強(qiáng)磁選處理難選鐵礦資源的技術(shù)指標(biāo)提供重要的技術(shù)積累。
[Abstract]:Aiming at the present industrial application situation of high gradient high intensity magnetic separation equipment, this paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different types of magnetic concentrating media in industrial application, designs a kind of magnetic concentrating medium which is used to enhance the recovery of fine-grained weak magnetic iron ore, and uses finite element simulation to simulate the interaction between single medium and composite medium. The magnetic field characteristics under the action system are numerically analyzed. The magnetic adsorption rate of the single mineral on the surface of the medium and the high gradient separation effect of several hematite ores are examined in detail. The prediction law of the material separation behavior by numerical simulation is systematically verified, and the optimum parameters of the salient medium are determined. By means of radiation analysis, chemical analysis, iron phase analysis and microscopic examination, the determination of mineral types, iron content, types of iron-bearing minerals and the calibration of corresponding iron distribution rate of single mineral specimens of Specularite with different grain sizes were carried out. As a kind of alpha-hematite, its iron distribution rate accounts for 99% of all iron-bearing minerals, and the mineral content of hematite in coarse-grained materials is relatively low. The dissociation state of iron ore in single mineral of each grain size has been found out. The material properties of tailings, high-intensity magnetic tailings and high-intensity magnetic tailings from Donganshan Sintering Plant, and Shilu iron tailings from Hainan Province were investigated. The particle size distribution, distribution rate of iron with different grain sizes, existing types and relative contents of iron ores were found out. The results show that the main iron minerals in the samples of several weak-magnetic iron ores are iron ores. In hematite, the particle size of raw material is less than 0.043 mm, accounting for more than 80%, indicating that the iron ore to be recovered from several weak magnetic iron ores is hematite and concentrated in fine-grained materials. The influence of structure parameters such as tip shape, angle, salient spacing and so on on magnetic field distribution around the unit dielectric body is studied. The interaction mechanism of induced magnetic field between the media of multi-dielectric composite system is revealed. The possible influence of magnetic field characteristics of different media on the separation process is predicted. The results show that the magnetic induction intensity and the magnetic field inhomogeneity of the salient medium are higher than that of the equal-diameter rod medium, especially when the background magnetic induction intensity is lower; too large or too small salient tip angle is not conducive to sorting, and the suitable salient tip angle is 60. At 4mm, the frequency of alternating high magnetic induction intensity at the tip and low magnetic induction intensity at the concave is high, and the magnetic field inhomogeneity along the axial direction of the dielectric surface is improved, and the predictive sorting effect is better; the smaller the center distance between adjacent media, the more remarkable the magnetic induction cloud superposition effect between the media, and the magnetic induction intensity at the salient tip and the surrounding gap of the dielectric surface. With the increase of the center distance, the magnetic induction intensity on the surface of the medium decreases gradually, but when the center distance increases to a certain extent, the magnetic induction interaction between the media has weakened and is equivalent to the distribution of magnetic induction in a single medium. Magnetic tailings and separation tests of different media for high intensity magnetic sweeping tailings in Meishan Mining Company of Baosteel Group have been made clear preliminarily that the prominence of the prominent edges and corners on the surface of the prominent medium strengthens the magnetic field gradient effect, and then enhances the magnetic force of the medium on the magnetic mineral particles, which can improve the recovery of iron concentrate. The experimental results show that the change of the magnetic gradient on the surface of the prom The surface structure of the medium is an effective way to strengthen the magnetic field gradient and increase the magnetic field force. In a certain range, the medium with larger rod diameter can achieve the same separation effect as the medium with smaller diameter by reducing the gap between rods and wires and increasing the filling rate of the medium. However, the surface area of medium decreases with the decrease of the surface area of medium, and the magnetic field gradient of medium with small rod diameter is larger than that of medium with large surface area, but the filling rate decreases and the magnetic loss increases. Therefore, the suitable diameter and filling rate of medium rod should be determined according to different materials to be sorted. The distribution of salient medium and the effect of pulsating flow on the magnetic adsorption behavior of single mineral with different particle size have been studied. The trapping behavior of medium parameters on weak magnetic single mineral has been revealed. The mechanism of particle size characteristics on the magnetic adsorption system of single mineral has been found. The predicted results of three-dimensional magnetic field simulation have been verified. The magnetic adsorption rate of the medium to the single mineral of Specularite is higher than that of the parallel arrangement medium, and the difference between the magnetic adsorption rate of the staggered arrangement and the parallel arrangement medium increases gradually when the feed particle size decreases, while the pulse action (the pulse stroke is 11.4 mm and the pulse time is 150 times/min) is higher than that of the non-pulse action. The magnetic properties of the salient medium with 1.Omm salient pole spacing are the best. At the same gap, the salient medium has more magnetic effect on the single mineral of Specularite and higher recovery than the smooth rod medium. A systematic magnetic separation experiment was carried out in Shilu iron tailings of Hainan Province. The difference of separation effect caused by the change of medium structure parameters was investigated in detail. The structure parameters of magnetic concentrate suitable for strengthening the recovery of weak magnetic fine iron ore particles were determined. The separation behavior of medium for weak magnetic materials was analyzed. The medium structure parameters and medium bodies were revealed. The results show that the medium parameters with 1.Omm salient interval and 3 mm medium interval have the best separating effect on Donganshan high-intensity magnetic feeding ore. 0.5mm, 2 mm interval of medium medium parameters on the Donganshan strong magnetic tailings and Hainan Shilu iron tailings separation effect is the best; salient medium than the round rod medium, the magnetic product size recovery lower limit has been reduced, and its recovery rate mainly from the recovery of fine particles, to strengthen the fine-grained weak magnetic mineral return. The average background magnetic induction intensity of salient medium is lower than that of round medium about 0.2T under the condition that salient medium and round rod medium achieve the same recovery rate of magnetic products, which plays an important role in saving energy and reducing consumption of strong magnetic separation equipment. It provides a new technological idea for separation and recovery, lays a theoretical foundation for the development and improvement of magnetic concentrating medium, and also provides an important technical accumulation for improving the technical index of high gradient high intensity magnetic separation for refractory iron ore resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD924;TD951

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本文編號(hào)：2235147