【摘要】：礦山的地下開采就會產(chǎn)生采空區(qū)，采空區(qū)的存在對礦山的安全生產(chǎn)來說是一個潛在性的威脅。尤其是采用空場法進(jìn)行開采的金屬礦，采空區(qū)面積的不斷增加，是礦山日常生產(chǎn)中不可回避的問題。怎樣在安全生產(chǎn)與經(jīng)濟(jì)效益之間尋求平衡，是礦業(yè)從業(yè)者需要不斷研究的問題。本文以東升廟鉛鋅礦為研究背景，以東礦采空區(qū)的微震監(jiān)測項目為依托，首先通過對東礦實際的開采情況進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場調(diào)研，完成礦山的三位數(shù)字化模型的建立；其次是運(yùn)用數(shù)值模擬的方法對東礦的開采情況進(jìn)行分步模擬，并判斷采后空區(qū)的穩(wěn)定性；最后是通過東礦的微震監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)來對空區(qū)進(jìn)行實時監(jiān)測，保障礦山的生產(chǎn)安全，使東礦的工作人員可以提前防范可能出現(xiàn)的大范圍的空區(qū)失穩(wěn)災(zāi)害。具體的研究內(nèi)容如下： 首先，對東礦進(jìn)行資料收集與現(xiàn)場調(diào)研，運(yùn)用SURPAC數(shù)字礦山軟件對東礦2#和11#礦體以及地表、巷道建立三維數(shù)值模型。并尋求一種新的地表建模的方法，在手頭資料不足的情況下可以建立準(zhǔn)確的礦山地表模型。 然后，將上一步建立的SURPAC模型轉(zhuǎn)化到MIDAS/GTS NX有限元軟件中進(jìn)行數(shù)值計算，，其中對模型需要做一定的簡化工作。對東礦的礦體開采，分三步進(jìn)行開挖模擬：第一步，對900中段以上的礦體進(jìn)行開挖，對開挖結(jié)果進(jìn)行應(yīng)力與位移的分析；第二步是模擬850~900中段礦體的繼續(xù)開挖；第三步是模擬800~850中段礦體的開挖。對各個模擬階段的位移、應(yīng)力圖進(jìn)行對比分析，找出巖體中發(fā)生應(yīng)力集中和位移最大的區(qū)域，分析可知采空區(qū)圍巖整體上仍處于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，并確定出圍巖局部需要進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)監(jiān)測的區(qū)域。 最后，以東礦的實際情況為基礎(chǔ)，結(jié)合MIDAS/GTS NX軟件的計算模擬結(jié)果，建立東礦的IMS微震監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)。然后對該系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行室內(nèi)虛擬模擬分析和現(xiàn)場定位精度分析；將第一部分建立的SURPAC模型用于微震事件的空間顯示；在JDI可視化分析軟件中對微震事件進(jìn)行處理分析，通過生成的視體積和能量指數(shù)曲線來判斷發(fā)生圍巖失穩(wěn)的可能性，達(dá)到安全監(jiān)測的目的。到目前為止，東升廟鉛鋅礦的采空區(qū)仍處于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，沒有發(fā)生任何對礦山生產(chǎn)有危害的事故，與本文所得結(jié)論相一致。
[Abstract]:Underground mining will produce goaf, the existence of goaf is a potential threat to the safety of mine production. In particular, the increasing of the goaf area is an unavoidable problem in the daily production of the metal mines which are mined by the open field method. How to strike a balance between safe production and economic benefits is a problem which needs to be studied continuously by mining practitioners. Based on the background of Dongshenmiao lead-zinc mine and the microseismic monitoring project in the mining goaf of east mine, this paper completes the establishment of the three-position digital model of the mine by investigating the actual mining situation of Dongshenmiao Mine. Secondly, it uses numerical simulation method to simulate the mining situation of East Coal Mine step by step, and judges the stability of the goaf after mining. Finally, through the micro-seismic monitoring system of the east mine, the goaf is monitored in real time to ensure the safety of mine production. So that the east mine staff can prevent the occurrence of a wide range of open area instability disaster ahead of time. The specific contents of the research are as follows: firstly, the data collection and field investigation of the East Mine are carried out, and the 3D numerical model of the ore bodies and roadways of East Mine 2# and 11# is established by using the SURPAC digital mining software. A new method of surface modeling can be used to establish an accurate mine surface model under the condition of lack of data on hand. Then, the SURPAC model established in the previous step is transformed into the MIDAS/GTS NX finite element software for numerical calculation, in which the model needs to be simplified. The mining of ore body in east mine is simulated in three steps: first, the ore body above 900 is excavated, and the stress and displacement of the excavation result are analyzed, the second step is to simulate the continuation excavation of the ore body in 850 ~ 900; The third step is to simulate the excavation of the ore body in the middle section of 800g 850. The displacement and stress diagram of each simulation stage are compared and analyzed to find out the area where the stress concentration and displacement are the largest in the rock mass. The analysis shows that the surrounding rock in the goaf is still in a stable state as a whole. And determine the local surrounding rock needs to focus on monitoring the area. Finally, based on the actual situation of the east ore, the IMS microseismic monitoring system of the east ore is established based on the simulation results of MIDAS/GTS NX software. Then the indoor virtual simulation analysis and field positioning accuracy analysis of the system are carried out; the SURPAC model established in the first part is used to display the microseismic events in space; and the microseismic events are processed and analyzed in the JDI visual analysis software. According to the apparent volume and energy exponent curve, the possibility of rock instability can be judged, and the safety monitoring can be achieved. Up to now, the goaf of Dongshengmiao lead-zinc mine is still in a stable state, and there is no accident which is harmful to mine production, which is consistent with the conclusion of this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD325.3

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