【摘要】：煤礦開采擾動了煤層和頂?shù)装鍘r層,破壞了原巖體的應力平衡狀態(tài);逆沖斷層破壞了煤層的連續(xù)性,當煤層開采時逆沖斷層附近圍巖應力升高,局部巖體出現(xiàn)滑移變形失穩(wěn)。逆沖斷層活化有可能誘發(fā)煤礦采場發(fā)生沖擊礦壓,嚴重時造成人員傷亡事故。論文以耿村煤礦逆沖斷層為工程地質背景,建立了數(shù)值計算力學模型,研究了斷層傾角、落差和破碎帶寬度,煤層采高、采深,以及煤層開采過程等地質和開采參數(shù),對工作面前方支承壓力、頂板下沉量、斷層面正應力、剪應力及滑移量等因素的影響規(guī)律,研究了活化逆斷層采場發(fā)生斷層沖擊礦壓的機理。結合逆沖斷層兩盤“解鎖”滑移的力學理論分析,研究了逆斷層上、下兩盤在水平構造應力及垂直應力共同作用下的啟滑條件和滑移規(guī)律,初步提出了斷層滑移的臨界危險區(qū)域,并分析煤層開采、斷層“活化”與沖擊礦壓之間內在關系。最后,根據(jù)耿村煤礦12220綜放工作面在探巷掘進時,揭露F_(16)逆沖斷層的特征,數(shù)值模擬煤層開采對F_(16)逆沖斷層活化的影響,以及活化逆沖斷層對工作面推進過程的影響。通過數(shù)值模擬、理論分析和現(xiàn)場實際監(jiān)測得出結論,隨著煤層開采范圍的不斷擴大,工作面越接近斷層,斷層帶應力集中和滑移運動就越明顯,應力和能量也不斷積累;當活化斷層附近圍巖達到極限強度時,就會以劇烈方式釋放積累的彈性能沖擊采煤工作面,誘發(fā)斷層沖擊礦壓的發(fā)生。總之,煤層開采是斷層“活化”的前提條件,采場煤巖體承載力的減小或喪失是引起斷層滑移的直接原因,斷層滑移引起的沖擊效應是采場大范圍沖擊失穩(wěn)的原因。論文研究結論對于預測和預防綜放工作面沖擊礦壓具有一定的指導意義。
[Abstract]:Coal mining disturbs coal seam and roof rock, destroys stress balance of original rock mass, and thrusting fault destroys continuity of coal seam. When coal seam is mined, surrounding rock stress increases and local rock mass appears slip deformation instability. Thrusting fault activation may induce coal mine stope to impact rock pressure and cause casualties when serious. Taking the thrust fault of Gengcun Coal Mine as the engineering geological background, a numerical computational mechanics model is established, and the geological and mining parameters such as fault dip angle, drop and width of broken zone, coal seam mining height, mining depth and coal seam mining process are studied. The mechanism of rock pressure impact on active reverse fault stope is studied by influencing factors such as supporting pressure, roof subsidence, normal stress, shear stress and slip in front of working face. Based on the mechanical theory analysis of "unlocking" slip on two plates of thrust fault, the starting and sliding conditions and slip law of the next two plates on the reverse fault under the combined action of horizontal tectonic stress and vertical stress are studied. The critical danger area of fault slip is put forward preliminarily, and the internal relationship between coal seam mining, fault "activation" and rock burst is analyzed. Finally, according to the characteristics of F16 thrust fault, the influence of coal seam mining on the activation of F16 thrust fault and the influence of activated thrust fault on the working face propulsive process, the characteristics of F16 thrust fault are exposed in 12220 fully mechanized caving face of Gengcun Coal Mine. Through numerical simulation, theoretical analysis and field monitoring, it is concluded that with the continuous expansion of the mining area of coal seam, the closer the working face is to the fault, the more obvious the stress concentration and slip movement in the fault zone will be, and the stress and energy will be accumulated. When the surrounding rock near the activated fault reaches the ultimate strength, the accumulated elastic energy will be released in a violent way to impact the mining face, which will induce the occurrence of the rock pressure impact of the fault. In a word, coal seam mining is the precondition of fault activation, the reduction or loss of bearing capacity of stope coal and rock mass is the direct cause of fault slip, and the impact effect caused by fault slip is the cause of large-scale impact instability in stope. The conclusion of this paper has certain guiding significance for prediction and prevention of rock burst in fully mechanized caving face.
【學位授予單位】：河南理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD324

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