【摘要】：礦山開采造成的礦山固體廢棄物生產(chǎn)量大、堆存量大、綜合利用率低,并且占用和破壞土地,容易誘發(fā)泥石流、地面塌陷等災(zāi)害,因此礦山固體廢棄物成為威脅礦山生態(tài)環(huán)境的關(guān)鍵因素;同時(shí)礦山細(xì)粒土資源缺乏,如何利用有限的細(xì)粒土資源,大量、有效的消耗礦山固體廢棄物成為礦山生態(tài)環(huán)境修復(fù)研究的熱點(diǎn),也是研究的難點(diǎn)�！胺N植混合土”是通過(guò)利用摻入物充填礦山固體廢棄物之間的大孔隙,以改善礦山固體廢棄物的理化性狀,建立植物立地條件的一種方法;該方法對(duì)礦山固體廢棄物利用與消耗、礦山生態(tài)環(huán)境的修復(fù)具有重要的實(shí)踐和指導(dǎo)意義。本研究利用淶源縣獨(dú)山城鐵區(qū)產(chǎn)生的鐵礦廢石與尾礦砂、砂壤土、中壤土、重壤土四類摻入物,按不同配比與鐵礦廢石配制成“廢石+尾礦砂”(Ⅰ類)、“廢石+砂壤土”(Ⅱ類)、“廢石+中壤土”(Ⅲ類)、“廢石+重壤土”(Ⅳ類)四類種植混合土,采用隨機(jī)區(qū)組設(shè)計(jì),并進(jìn)行種植紫花苜蓿的室外盆栽試驗(yàn),通過(guò)對(duì)不同配比種植混合土理化性狀以及紫花苜蓿生長(zhǎng)情況的研究,結(jié)果表明:1、不同質(zhì)地的摻入物對(duì)鐵礦廢石理化性狀起到改善作用。重壤土對(duì)鐵礦廢石機(jī)械組成改善最顯著;Ⅲ類種植混合土含水性能、質(zhì)量體積比、孔隙度要優(yōu)于其他三類;Ⅱ類與Ⅳ類類種植混合土含水性能、質(zhì)量體積比、孔隙度差異性不顯著,并且Ⅱ類種植混合土自然含水量要高于其他三類;Ⅱ類、Ⅲ類、Ⅳ類種植混合土物理性狀總體來(lái)看差別不大。2、尾礦砂與砂壤土的摻入對(duì)鐵礦廢石的p H值沒(méi)有明顯影響,中壤土與重壤土的摻入沒(méi)能使鐵礦廢石的p H值降到8.5以下;各配比速效磷、速效鉀含量均能達(dá)到全國(guó)土壤養(yǎng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)3級(jí)或3級(jí)以上,各配比堿解氮、有機(jī)質(zhì)含量低于全國(guó)土壤養(yǎng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)3級(jí)。3、中壤土與重壤土的摻入使紫花苜蓿生長(zhǎng)情況顯著優(yōu)于Ⅰ類和Ⅱ類種植混合土,其中Ⅲ類紫花苜蓿出苗率、根冠比情況要優(yōu)于Ⅳ類,Ⅳ類紫花苜蓿株高和生物量要高于中壤土。4、Ⅰ類種植混合土紫花苜蓿生長(zhǎng)最好配比不如Ⅱ類中砂壤土摻入量為鐵礦廢石質(zhì)量30%時(shí)的配比;Ⅱ類種植混合土紫花苜蓿生長(zhǎng)最好配比與Ⅲ類中壤土摻入量為鐵礦廢石質(zhì)量60%時(shí)的配比差異性不顯著;Ⅲ類種植混合土紫花苜蓿生長(zhǎng)最好配比與Ⅳ類重壤土摻入量為鐵礦廢石質(zhì)量90%時(shí)的配比差異性不顯著。5、尾礦砂摻入量為鐵礦廢石質(zhì)量的120%~180%時(shí),紫花苜蓿生長(zhǎng)情況與純尾礦砂對(duì)照差異性不顯著;砂壤土、中壤土、重壤土摻入量為鐵礦廢石質(zhì)量的90%~180%時(shí),紫花苜蓿生長(zhǎng)情況與相應(yīng)摻入物對(duì)照差異性不顯著。
[Abstract]:As a result of mining, the production of solid wastes in mines is large, the amount of stacks is large, the comprehensive utilization ratio is low, and the land is occupied and destroyed, and it is easy to induce disasters such as debris flows and ground collapses. Therefore, the mine solid waste has become a key factor threatening the ecological environment of mines, and at the same time, there is a lack of fine soil resources in mines, so how to make use of the limited fine soil resources, a large number of, The effective consumption of mine solid waste has become a hot spot in the research of mine ecological environment restoration, and it is also a difficult point. "planting mixed soil" is a method to improve the physical and chemical properties of mine solid waste and to establish plant site condition by filling the macropores between solid wastes of mines with adulteration. This method has important practical and guiding significance for the utilization and consumption of mine solid wastes and the restoration of mine ecological environment. In this study, four kinds of iron ore waste rock and tailings, sandy loam, medium loam and heavy loam were used in Dushan City, Laiyuan County. According to different ratio of iron ore and waste rock, four kinds of mixed soil are made up of "waste rock tailings" (class 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：2193158