鋰輝石礦浮選基礎(chǔ)理論與工藝研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-07 20:17
【摘要】：鋰輝石是目前我國(guó)提取鋰資源的主要硅酸鹽礦物,該類(lèi)礦石主要分布于花崗偉晶巖中,其脈石礦物主要為長(zhǎng)石和石英。在選礦過(guò)程中,常采用“三堿兩皂”的藥劑制度進(jìn)行浮選分離。鋰輝石浮選時(shí)“堿”及“皂”的用量以及浮選礦漿中Ca2+、OH-和CO32-的濃度都是影響浮選指標(biāo)的重要因素。此外,在實(shí)際礦石浮選過(guò)程中,鋰輝石表面常受風(fēng)化污染及礦漿中礦泥影響,其可浮性變差,且礦漿中溶鹽離子(Fe3+、Ca2+、Mg2+)不僅能活化鋰輝石,同時(shí)也活化脈石礦物,從而降低鋰輝石的浮選分離效果。此外,鋰輝石礦石浮選實(shí)踐中產(chǎn)生大量的浮選尾礦(主要礦物成分為長(zhǎng)石和石英),實(shí)現(xiàn)尾礦中長(zhǎng)石與石英的綜合回收,對(duì)于礦產(chǎn)資源綜合開(kāi)發(fā)利用具有重要意義。針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題,本論文對(duì)不同條件下鋰輝石、長(zhǎng)石及石英的可浮性差異,以及礦物與捕收劑的作用機(jī)理進(jìn)行了較系統(tǒng)研究,并對(duì)實(shí)際礦石進(jìn)行了選礦試驗(yàn),主要的研究?jī)?nèi)容及結(jié)果如下。研究?jī)?nèi)容包括考察陰離子捕收劑對(duì)鋰輝石、長(zhǎng)石和石英的浮選行為的影響,揭示三種礦物的浮選規(guī)律;考察Fe3+、Ca2+、Mg2+對(duì)鋰輝石、長(zhǎng)石和石英的活化作用及Na2CO3對(duì)三種礦物的抑制作用。研究開(kāi)展了單礦物浮選試驗(yàn)、人工混合礦浮選分離試驗(yàn)以及實(shí)際礦石浮選試驗(yàn)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,采用多種現(xiàn)代分析測(cè)試技術(shù),結(jié)合理論分析,對(duì)該體系中捕收劑、金屬離子、Na2CO3與這三種礦物間的作用機(jī)制進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的研究。單礦物浮選試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,Na OL對(duì)鋰輝石、長(zhǎng)石和石英的捕收性能并不強(qiáng);Fe3+、Ca2+、Mg2+對(duì)鋰輝石、長(zhǎng)石和石英均有較強(qiáng)的活化作用;Na2CO3對(duì)三種礦物均有一定的抑制作用。Fe3+最佳活化p H值為7左右,少量的Fe3+可使鋰輝石和石英得到很好的活化,而對(duì)長(zhǎng)石活化性能較差。Ca2+最佳活化p H值為12.5,Ca2+需要較大的用量才能使三種礦物活化充分。Mg2+最佳活化p H值為10,Mg2+對(duì)鋰輝石、長(zhǎng)石和石英的活化無(wú)選擇性。Na2CO3對(duì)受Fe3+、Ca2+活化的長(zhǎng)石和石英選擇性抑制,而對(duì)受Mg2+活化的三種礦物選擇抑制性效果較差。采用Fe3+、Ca2+、Mg2+為活化劑、Na2CO3為抑制劑,Na OL為捕收劑進(jìn)行人工混合礦浮選分離試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明三種活化劑對(duì)鋰輝石、長(zhǎng)石和石英均有一定的活化作用,Na2CO3對(duì)受Fe3+活化的三種礦物的浮選分離效果最佳。采用Fe3+作活化劑時(shí),Na2CO3為抑制劑,Na OL為捕收劑時(shí),當(dāng)混合礦中鋰輝石、長(zhǎng)石和石英礦物質(zhì)量比為1:1:1時(shí),獲得的泡沫產(chǎn)品Li2O品位為6.42%;當(dāng)混合礦中鋰輝石、長(zhǎng)石和石英礦物質(zhì)量比為1:2:2時(shí),獲得的泡沫產(chǎn)品Li2O品位為5.31%。機(jī)理研究分析結(jié)果表明,鋰輝石、長(zhǎng)石和石英經(jīng)Fe3+、Ca2+、Mg2+活化后表面動(dòng)電位發(fā)生正移,Na2CO3通過(guò)改變?nèi)N礦物表面電性,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)鋰輝石、長(zhǎng)石和石英的選擇性抑制。紅外光譜分析表明,活化后的礦物與Na OL作用后,Na OL與礦物表面發(fā)生了化學(xué)吸附。XPS分析還表明,經(jīng)Ca2+或Mg2+作用后鋰輝石表面Li元素結(jié)合能發(fā)生了較大幅度化學(xué)位移,礦物表面Ca、Mg元素豐度增加;活化后的鋰輝石再與Na OL作用后其表面Li、Ca及Mg元素結(jié)合能都發(fā)生了較大的化學(xué)位移,這也說(shuō)明了礦物表面與Na OL發(fā)生了化學(xué)吸附。實(shí)際礦石浮選試驗(yàn)中,因礦石風(fēng)化嚴(yán)重和浮選用水中含有一定的Fe3+、Ca2+及Mg2+,采用復(fù)配的捕收劑作為捕收劑,浮選過(guò)程中不添加任何金屬離子活化,從含Li2O 1.30%的原礦可獲得Li2O品位為5.96%、回收率達(dá)84.59%的鋰輝石精礦,浮選尾礦在酸性條件下采用氫氟酸浮選分離長(zhǎng)石和石英,獲得了Na2O、K2O品位合量為11.59%、回收率為65.83%(對(duì)鋰輝石浮選尾礦)的長(zhǎng)石精礦及Si O2含量為98.84%的石英精礦,各礦物得到有效分離,實(shí)現(xiàn)了該鋰輝石礦的的綜合利用。
[Abstract]:Spodumene is the main silicate mineral for the extraction of lithium resources in China. The ore mainly distributes in granitic pegmatite and its gangue minerals are mainly feldspar and quartz. In the process of beneficiation, the "three alkali two soap" agent system is often used for flotation separation. The amount of "alkali" and "soap" in the flotation of spodumene and in the flotation pulp The concentration of Ca2+, OH- and CO32- is an important factor affecting the flotation index. In addition, in the process of actual flotation, the surface of spodumene is often affected by weathering and mineral mud in the pulp. The floatability of the pulp becomes worse, and the salt ions (Fe3+, Ca2+, Mg2+) in the pulp can not only activate the spodumene, but also activate the gangue minerals, thus reducing the spodumene. In addition, a large amount of flotation tailings (main mineral components are feldspar and quartz) are produced in the flotation practice of spodumene ore, and the comprehensive recovery of feldspar and quartz in the tailings is of great significance for the comprehensive exploitation and utilization of mineral resources. The floatability difference and the mechanism of mineral and collector's action are systematically studied, and the ore dressing experiment of the actual ore is carried out. The main contents and results are as follows. The study includes the effect of anionic collector on the flotation behavior of spodumene, feldspar and quartz, and reveals the flotation rules of the three minerals; the investigation of Fe3+, Ca 2+, Mg2+ on the activation of spodumene, feldspar and quartz and the inhibition of Na2CO3 on three minerals. A single mineral flotation test, a flotation separation test of artificial mixed ore and a practical ore flotation test were carried out. On the basis of this, a variety of modern analysis and testing techniques were used, and combined with theoretical analysis, the collector and metal in this system were separated from the metal. Na2CO3 and the mechanism of the interaction between the three minerals have been systematically studied. The single mineral flotation test results show that the collection performance of Na OL is not strong for spodumene, feldspar and quartz; Fe3+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ have a strong activation effect on spodumene, feldspar and quartz; Na2CO3 has a certain inhibitory effect on the three minerals and.Fe3+ is the best activation P. The H value is about 7, a small amount of Fe3+ can make a good activation of spodumene and quartz, while the best activation P H value for the poor activation of feldspar.Ca2+ is 12.5, and Ca2+ needs a larger amount to make the three mineral activation fully.Mg2+ the best activated P H value 10, Mg2+ for the activation of spodumene, feldspar and quartz.Na2CO3 against Fe3+. The selective inhibition of activated feldspar and quartz has a poor inhibitory effect on the three minerals activated by Mg2+. Using Fe3+, Ca2+, Mg2+ as activator, Na2CO3 as an inhibitor and Na OL as a collector, the flotation separation test of artificial mixed ore is carried out. The results show that three activators have certain activation effect on spodumene, feldspar and quartz, Na2CO 3 the flotation separation effect of three minerals activated by Fe3+ is the best. When Fe3+ is used as a activating agent, Na2CO3 is the inhibitor and Na OL is the collector. When the mass ratio of spodumene and feldspar and quartz is 1:1:1, the Li2O grade of the foam product is 6.42%, and the mass ratio of spodumene and feldspar and quartz in the mixed ore is 1:2:2. The results of the study on the Li2O grade of the foam products obtained by 5.31%. show that the surface dynamic potential of the spodumene, feldspar and quartz is shifted positively after the activation of Fe3+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. By changing the surface electrical properties of three minerals, Na2CO3 can inhibit the selection of spodumene, feldspar and quartz. The infrared spectrum analysis shows that the activated mineral and Na OL are found. After the action, Na OL and the chemical adsorption.XPS analysis on the surface of the mineral also showed that after the action of Ca2+ or Mg2+, the binding energy of the Li element on the surface of the spodumene had a large chemical shift, the mineral surface Ca, the abundance of Mg elements increased, and the activated Spodumene after the action of the Na OL was Li, and the binding energy of the Ca and the elements both had greater chemistry. Displacement, which also shows that the mineral surface and Na OL have a chemical adsorption. In the actual flotation test, the ore weathering is serious and the flotation selection water contains certain Fe3+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, and the compound collector is used as collector. The flotation process does not add any metal ion activation, and the Li2O grade can be obtained from the original ore containing Li2O 1.30%. 5.96%, the recovery rate of spodumene concentrates is 84.59%. Flotation tailings are separated by hydrofluoric acid by flotation separation of feldspar and quartz under acidic conditions. The Na2O, K2O grade is 11.59%, the recovery rate is 65.83% (for the spodumene flotation tailings) and the Si O2 content of the quartz concentrate is 98.84%, the minerals are effectively separated and the lithium glow has been realized. The comprehensive utilization of stone ore.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TD97
本文編號(hào)：2171230
[Abstract]:Spodumene is the main silicate mineral for the extraction of lithium resources in China. The ore mainly distributes in granitic pegmatite and its gangue minerals are mainly feldspar and quartz. In the process of beneficiation, the "three alkali two soap" agent system is often used for flotation separation. The amount of "alkali" and "soap" in the flotation of spodumene and in the flotation pulp The concentration of Ca2+, OH- and CO32- is an important factor affecting the flotation index. In addition, in the process of actual flotation, the surface of spodumene is often affected by weathering and mineral mud in the pulp. The floatability of the pulp becomes worse, and the salt ions (Fe3+, Ca2+, Mg2+) in the pulp can not only activate the spodumene, but also activate the gangue minerals, thus reducing the spodumene. In addition, a large amount of flotation tailings (main mineral components are feldspar and quartz) are produced in the flotation practice of spodumene ore, and the comprehensive recovery of feldspar and quartz in the tailings is of great significance for the comprehensive exploitation and utilization of mineral resources. The floatability difference and the mechanism of mineral and collector's action are systematically studied, and the ore dressing experiment of the actual ore is carried out. The main contents and results are as follows. The study includes the effect of anionic collector on the flotation behavior of spodumene, feldspar and quartz, and reveals the flotation rules of the three minerals; the investigation of Fe3+, Ca 2+, Mg2+ on the activation of spodumene, feldspar and quartz and the inhibition of Na2CO3 on three minerals. A single mineral flotation test, a flotation separation test of artificial mixed ore and a practical ore flotation test were carried out. On the basis of this, a variety of modern analysis and testing techniques were used, and combined with theoretical analysis, the collector and metal in this system were separated from the metal. Na2CO3 and the mechanism of the interaction between the three minerals have been systematically studied. The single mineral flotation test results show that the collection performance of Na OL is not strong for spodumene, feldspar and quartz; Fe3+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ have a strong activation effect on spodumene, feldspar and quartz; Na2CO3 has a certain inhibitory effect on the three minerals and.Fe3+ is the best activation P. The H value is about 7, a small amount of Fe3+ can make a good activation of spodumene and quartz, while the best activation P H value for the poor activation of feldspar.Ca2+ is 12.5, and Ca2+ needs a larger amount to make the three mineral activation fully.Mg2+ the best activated P H value 10, Mg2+ for the activation of spodumene, feldspar and quartz.Na2CO3 against Fe3+. The selective inhibition of activated feldspar and quartz has a poor inhibitory effect on the three minerals activated by Mg2+. Using Fe3+, Ca2+, Mg2+ as activator, Na2CO3 as an inhibitor and Na OL as a collector, the flotation separation test of artificial mixed ore is carried out. The results show that three activators have certain activation effect on spodumene, feldspar and quartz, Na2CO 3 the flotation separation effect of three minerals activated by Fe3+ is the best. When Fe3+ is used as a activating agent, Na2CO3 is the inhibitor and Na OL is the collector. When the mass ratio of spodumene and feldspar and quartz is 1:1:1, the Li2O grade of the foam product is 6.42%, and the mass ratio of spodumene and feldspar and quartz in the mixed ore is 1:2:2. The results of the study on the Li2O grade of the foam products obtained by 5.31%. show that the surface dynamic potential of the spodumene, feldspar and quartz is shifted positively after the activation of Fe3+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. By changing the surface electrical properties of three minerals, Na2CO3 can inhibit the selection of spodumene, feldspar and quartz. The infrared spectrum analysis shows that the activated mineral and Na OL are found. After the action, Na OL and the chemical adsorption.XPS analysis on the surface of the mineral also showed that after the action of Ca2+ or Mg2+, the binding energy of the Li element on the surface of the spodumene had a large chemical shift, the mineral surface Ca, the abundance of Mg elements increased, and the activated Spodumene after the action of the Na OL was Li, and the binding energy of the Ca and the elements both had greater chemistry. Displacement, which also shows that the mineral surface and Na OL have a chemical adsorption. In the actual flotation test, the ore weathering is serious and the flotation selection water contains certain Fe3+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, and the compound collector is used as collector. The flotation process does not add any metal ion activation, and the Li2O grade can be obtained from the original ore containing Li2O 1.30%. 5.96%, the recovery rate of spodumene concentrates is 84.59%. Flotation tailings are separated by hydrofluoric acid by flotation separation of feldspar and quartz under acidic conditions. The Na2O, K2O grade is 11.59%, the recovery rate is 65.83% (for the spodumene flotation tailings) and the Si O2 content of the quartz concentrate is 98.84%, the minerals are effectively separated and the lithium glow has been realized. The comprehensive utilization of stone ore.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TD97
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