本文選題：礦泥 + 正浮選�。� 參考：《山西大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：氯化鉀是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中一種重要的鉀肥來源,以鹽酸十八胺為捕收劑的正浮選法是我國生產(chǎn)氯化鉀的主要方法。隨著鉀礦的開采過程中,大量低品位含泥鉀礦不斷產(chǎn)生,礦泥對氯化鉀的生產(chǎn)效率有嚴重的影響。礦泥吸附在氯化鉀表面阻止了氯化鉀與鹽酸十八胺的結合導致生產(chǎn)過程消耗大量藥劑,且礦泥會與氯化鉀一起浮出來導致氯化鉀產(chǎn)品的純度降低。本文針對礦泥對氯化鉀正浮選生產(chǎn)的影響,以礦泥主要成分為研究對象,探究礦泥單獨浮選與礦泥對鉀礦浮出的影響規(guī)律及礦泥浮選的動力學與相圖表征,主要研究結果如下:(1)取青海得固體鉀礦進行礦質(zhì)分析,結果表明礦泥的主要成分有長石、粘土、硫酸鈣、碳酸鈣等。在去離子水中用鹽酸十八胺對不同種類的礦泥進行浮選,得出各礦泥的浮選規(guī)律曲線,結果表明石英與長石可被浮選,高嶺土不可浮。在鹽飽和溶液中用鹽酸十八胺對鉀礦進行浮選,得出浮選氯化鉀在捕收劑濃度為1×10-4mol/L時回收率最高,氯化鈉不能被捕收劑鹽酸十八胺浮選,此結果與浮選理論相符。(2)考察礦泥種類與含量對氯化鉀浮出的影響,探討礦泥對鉀礦浮選體系的影響機制。實驗結果表明高嶺土對氯化鉀回收率的影響最大,長石次之,石英對氯化鉀回收率的影響最小。長石、石英主要通過夾帶方式影響氯化鉀的收率,而高嶺土由于其特殊的理化性質(zhì)對氯化鉀收率影響最大。在氯化鈉溶液中進行高嶺土浮選時,高嶺土添加量的增加與氯化鈉溶液濃度的提高均會增大溶液粘度與表面張力,導致浮選體系泡沫量的增多。(3)嘗試用一級反應動力學與二級反應對力學對礦泥浮選進行模擬,結果表明浮選與化學反應機理相似,且石英與鉀長石的浮選符合一級浮選動力學,鈉長石與高嶺土的符合二級浮選動力學。用水鹽體系相圖將礦泥對氯化鉀浮選的影響進行表征,結果表明,根據(jù)相圖中精礦線與尾礦線的收斂程度可判斷礦泥對氯化鉀收率的影響,收斂越大,對氯化鉀回收率的影響越大。本研究揭示了礦泥主要成分對氯化鉀正浮選生產(chǎn)的影響機制,為氯化鉀實際生產(chǎn)提供依據(jù),對解決我國鉀資源缺乏的困境具備科學意義。
[Abstract]:Potassium chloride is an important source of potassium fertilizer in agricultural production. The positive flotation method with octadecylamine hydrochloride as collector is the main method for producing potassium chloride in China. With the mining process of potassium ore, a large number of low-grade mud potassium ores continue to produce, the sludge has a serious impact on the production efficiency of potassium chloride. The adsorption of ore mud on the surface of potassium chloride prevents the combination of potassium chloride and octadecylamine hydrochloride, which leads to the consumption of a large amount of chemicals in the production process, and the floatation of the ore mud with potassium chloride results in the decrease of the purity of potassium chloride product. In view of the influence of ore sludge on the production of potassium chloride positive flotation, this paper, taking the main components of ore slime as the research object, explores the influence law of ore slime flotation alone and slime on potassium ore floatation, and the kinetics and phase diagram characterization of ore sludge floatation. The main results are as follows: (1) the mineral analysis of the solid potassium ores from Qinghai shows that the main components of the slime are feldspar, clay, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate and so on. Using octadecylamine hydrochloride in deionized water, the flotation patterns of different kinds of slime were obtained. The results showed that quartz and feldspar could be floated and kaolin could not be floated. Potassium ore was floated in salt saturated solution with octadecylamine hydrochloride. The highest recovery rate of potassium chloride was obtained when the collector concentration was 1 脳 10 ~ (-4) mol / L, and sodium chloride could not be floated by the collector octadecylamine hydrochloride. The results are in agreement with the flotation theory. (2) the effects of the type and content of the slime on the floatation of potassium chloride are investigated, and the mechanism of the influence of the slime on the flotation system is discussed. The experimental results show that kaolin has the greatest influence on the recovery of potassium chloride, feldspar takes the second place, and quartz has the least effect on the recovery of potassium chloride. Feldspar and quartz mainly affect the yield of potassium chloride by entrainment, while kaolin has the greatest effect on the yield of potassium chloride because of its special physical and chemical properties. When the kaolin is floated in sodium chloride solution, the viscosity and surface tension of the solution will be increased with the increase of the addition amount of kaolin and the increase of the concentration of sodium chloride solution. The results show that the flotation mechanism is similar to that of chemical reaction, and the flotation of quartz and potassium feldspar accords with the first-order flotation kinetics. Albite and kaolin accord with the second order flotation kinetics. The effect of sludge on the flotation of potassium chloride was characterized by the phase diagram of water salt system. The results showed that according to the convergence degree of concentrate line and tailings line in phase diagram, the influence of sludge on the yield of potassium chloride could be judged, and the convergence was greater. The greater the effect on the recovery of potassium chloride. This study reveals the influence mechanism of the main components of ore sludge on the positive flotation production of potassium chloride, provides the basis for the actual production of potassium chloride, and has scientific significance for solving the dilemma of potassium resource shortage in China.
【學位授予單位】：山西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD923

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