本文選題：波形反演 + 時(shí)間域��； 參考：《中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著人類對(duì)地下未知環(huán)境的探尋,以及經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對(duì)資源需求的增加,如何更精確和更高效的描述地下構(gòu)造進(jìn)而找尋資源變得尤為重要。較為精確的速度又是進(jìn)行地下構(gòu)造成像的必備條件,因此業(yè)界對(duì)高品質(zhì)速度模型的探索一直關(guān)注。全波形反演方法(FWI)卻在精細(xì)反演地下速度等參數(shù)方面具有潛力。其利用振幅相位信息,結(jié)合地震波運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)與動(dòng)力學(xué)特性,通過(guò)波動(dòng)方程擬合,不斷匹配更新參數(shù),使模型數(shù)據(jù)與實(shí)際數(shù)據(jù)殘差變得最小,進(jìn)而完成反演過(guò)程,求得所需參數(shù)變量。論文就全波形反演的理論進(jìn)行研究。對(duì)基于波動(dòng)方程的時(shí)間域以及頻率域的正演反演的基本公式進(jìn)行詳細(xì)推導(dǎo),給出全波形反演的基本框架流程。在此基礎(chǔ)上,就梯度、步長(zhǎng),反演策略等幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了著重介紹。論文實(shí)現(xiàn)了時(shí)間域以及頻率域的波形反演方法,并分別建立了不同的并行反演流程。時(shí)間域采用基于MPI的炮并行反演策略,而頻率域采用MPI+MUMPS并行反演方法。不同點(diǎn)是,頻率域?qū)⒉▓?chǎng)分為幾個(gè)并行區(qū)域,其正演是對(duì)所有炮的不同波場(chǎng)區(qū)域同時(shí)并行求解,而不是時(shí)間域的炮之間并行。這樣既降低了內(nèi)存消耗,又提高了效率。全波形反演根據(jù)模型域與數(shù)據(jù)域間的相互反饋特征完成反演,而數(shù)據(jù)域與模型域之間也并非一一對(duì)應(yīng)。這就造成了其多解性的特點(diǎn),目標(biāo)函數(shù)存在著極多的極小值,波形反演是強(qiáng)非線性的反演,因此論文研究了多尺度化的反演方法。為了進(jìn)一步解決波形反演應(yīng)用中面臨的有效收斂問(wèn)題,本文針對(duì)梯度預(yù)處理優(yōu)化算法展開研究,實(shí)現(xiàn)了共軛梯度法、有限內(nèi)存的BFGS反演優(yōu)化算法、近似hessian對(duì)角元素法。FWI理論上往往能取得不俗的效果,作為一種精細(xì)的反演方法,有著無(wú)盡的潛能,受著人們的關(guān)注,但卻在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用中見不到它的影子。面對(duì)實(shí)際資料,波形反演顯示出了短板的一面�；谶@一點(diǎn),論文對(duì)全波形反演在實(shí)際中的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單的初步嘗試,并對(duì)其反演應(yīng)用中所出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析,說(shuō)明了為什么波形反演方法尚未在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用的一些原因。就其對(duì)初始模型依賴的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了復(fù)頻域的尺度化反演策略的改進(jìn),并通過(guò)模型驗(yàn)證,證明了方法的可行性。為提高處理效果,采用尺度化方法對(duì)實(shí)際資料進(jìn)行處理,將早至波與反射波數(shù)據(jù)依次反演出大尺度和小尺度信息。
[Abstract]:With the exploration of underground unknown environment and the increasing demand for resources by economic development, how to describe the underground structure more accurately and efficiently becomes more important. More accurate velocity is also a necessary condition for underground structure imaging, so the exploration of high quality velocity model has been paid attention to. Full wave inversion (FWI) has potential in fine inversion of underground velocity and other parameters. By using amplitude and phase information, combined with the kinematics and dynamics of seismic wave, and by fitting the wave equation, it continuously matches the updated parameters, which minimizes the residual error between the model data and the actual data, and then completes the inversion process. The required parameter variables are obtained. The theory of full waveform inversion is studied in this paper. The basic formulas of forward inversion in time domain and frequency domain based on wave equation are deduced in detail, and the basic frame flow of full waveform inversion is given. On this basis, several key problems, such as gradient, step size and inversion strategy, are emphatically introduced. In this paper, the waveform inversion methods in time domain and frequency domain are implemented, and different parallel inversion processes are established. MPI parallel inversion strategy is used in time domain and MPI MUMPS parallel inversion method is used in frequency domain. The difference is that the wave field is divided into several parallel regions in frequency domain, and the forward modeling is to solve the different wave field of all guns simultaneously, rather than parallel between the guns in time domain. This not only reduces memory consumption, but also improves efficiency. The full waveform inversion is based on the mutual feedback characteristics between the model domain and the data domain, and the data domain and the model domain are not one-to-one correspondence. This leads to the characteristics of multi-solution, the objective function has many minimum values, and the waveform inversion is a strong nonlinear inversion, so the multi-scale inversion method is studied in this paper. In order to solve the problem of effective convergence in waveform inversion application, this paper studies the gradient preprocessing optimization algorithm and implements the conjugate gradient method and the BFGS inversion optimization algorithm with limited memory. Approximate hessian diagonal element method. FWI can get good results in theory. As a fine inversion method, it has endless potential and has been concerned by people, but it can not be seen in the industrial production application. In the face of the actual data, the waveform inversion shows the side of the short plate. Based on this point, this paper makes a simple preliminary attempt on the application of full waveform inversion in practice, and analyzes the problems in the application of full waveform inversion. Some reasons why waveform inversion method has not been applied in industrial production are explained. The scaling inversion strategy in complex frequency domain is improved for its dependence on the initial model, and the feasibility of the method is proved by model verification. In order to improve the processing effect, the scale method is used to process the actual data, and the large scale and small scale information are inversed between the early arrival wave and the reflected wave data.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P631.4

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本文編號(hào)：2075390