高圍壓條件下巖石破壞特征及強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則研究
本文選題:高圍壓 + 巖石破壞特征; 參考:《武漢科技大學(xué)》2015年博士論文
【摘要】:隨著地下礦山逐漸進(jìn)入深部礦產(chǎn)資源開(kāi)采階段,高地應(yīng)力現(xiàn)象日益突出,導(dǎo)致進(jìn)入深部開(kāi)采以后巖爆、突水和采場(chǎng)失穩(wěn)等一系列災(zāi)害性事故頻發(fā),并且有不斷加劇的趨勢(shì)。同時(shí),強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則作為巖石工程設(shè)計(jì)和開(kāi)挖的重要理論基礎(chǔ)和科學(xué)依據(jù),高地應(yīng)力條件下巖石表現(xiàn)出的非線性強(qiáng)度特征已經(jīng)無(wú)法用傳統(tǒng)強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確描述和表征。針對(duì)上述存在的問(wèn)題,本文通過(guò)以武鋼程潮鐵礦典型的鄂州花崗巖為試驗(yàn)對(duì)象,開(kāi)展了巖石在不同圍壓條件下的三軸壓縮加載破壞試驗(yàn)研究及強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則理論研究,主要內(nèi)容和研究成果集中在如下幾個(gè)方面: (1)高圍壓條件下巖石破壞特征研究;诙踔莼◢弾r三軸試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,發(fā)現(xiàn)巖石在高圍壓下延性破壞的具體表現(xiàn)特征為:偏應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變曲線經(jīng)過(guò)線彈性階段后逐漸平緩,,進(jìn)入塑性流動(dòng)狀態(tài),在破壞前呈現(xiàn)為一段水平線,而且圍壓越高該塑性應(yīng)變?cè)酱蟆M瑫r(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)巖石破壞形式由低圍壓下的剪切破壞逐漸向高圍壓下的剪切劈裂復(fù)合型破壞轉(zhuǎn)變,其破壞形態(tài)由低圍壓下的單一破壞斷面逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦邍鷫合碌亩嗥茐臄嗝,其破壞斷裂角隨著圍壓的增加逐漸減小。并對(duì)高圍壓下巖石三軸強(qiáng)度特征進(jìn)行了探索,定義了巖石臨界狀態(tài)圍壓的概念,推導(dǎo)得出:巖石在臨界狀態(tài)圍壓破壞時(shí),和的差值為常數(shù),該值不會(huì)隨著圍壓的增加而變化,巖石的臨界斷裂角為45°。通過(guò)應(yīng)用鄂州花崗巖三軸試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)MC強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則的驗(yàn)證得出:該準(zhǔn)則在低圍壓下具有較好的適用性,但是其不能反映出巖石在高圍壓下三軸強(qiáng)度隨圍壓增加呈非線性增加的特征; (2)非線性MC強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則的適用范圍及改進(jìn)研究。研究分析了非線性MC強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則的適用范圍,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行改進(jìn),提出I-MC強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則。通過(guò)應(yīng)用12種巖石三軸試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證表明:I-MC強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則精度高于非線性MC強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則,且具有更廣的適用范圍。并對(duì)I-MC強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則在真三軸壓縮條件下的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了初探; (3)適合高圍壓條件的巖石強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則研究。提出了巖石雙曲線型強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則,推導(dǎo)做出其在平面上的屈服曲線及其在主應(yīng)力空間的屈服面。通過(guò)12種巖石三軸試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證了雙曲線型強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則具有較好的適用性,并對(duì)雙曲線型強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則在真三軸壓縮條件下的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了初探; (4)三軸壓縮條件下HB強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則的改進(jìn)研究。提出了I-HB強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則,與HB強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則相比,該準(zhǔn)則具有更明顯的非線性特征,評(píng)估的巖石三軸強(qiáng)度精度也得到大幅度地提高。同時(shí)通過(guò)應(yīng)用12種巖石三軸試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證表明:I-HB強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則的精度高于I-MC強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則和雙曲線型強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則。并對(duì)I-HB強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則在真三軸壓縮條件下的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了初探; (5)幾種準(zhǔn)則評(píng)估巖石三軸強(qiáng)度精度的對(duì)比研究。通過(guò)將本文提出的3種巖石強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則與目前巖石力學(xué)界認(rèn)為較好的幾種強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則進(jìn)行評(píng)估巖石三軸強(qiáng)度的精度比較得出:I-MC強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則、雙曲線型強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則和I-HB強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則均具有更高的精度,其中以I-HB強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則評(píng)估的巖石三軸強(qiáng)度精度最高。 通過(guò)上述研究,揭示了巖石在高圍壓條件下的破壞特征和三軸強(qiáng)度特征,對(duì)傳統(tǒng)強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)研究,提出了適合高圍壓條件的巖石強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則,旨在為深部巖石工程開(kāi)挖設(shè)計(jì)以及為深部巖石力學(xué)理論體系發(fā)展提供一定的指導(dǎo)和理論參考。
[Abstract]:As the underground mines gradually enter the deep mineral resources exploitation stage , the phenomenon of high geostress is increasingly prominent , which leads to the frequent occurrence of a series of disastrous accidents such as rock burst , water inrush and stope instability after deep mining , and the nonlinear intensity characteristics under high geostress conditions have not been accurately described and characterized by the traditional strength criterion .
Based on the results of three - axis test of granite in Ezhou , the characteristics of ductile failure of rock under high confining pressure are found as follows :
( 2 ) The applicability and improvement of the nonlinear MC strength criterion are studied . The application scope of the nonlinear MC strength criterion is analyzed , and the I - MC strength criterion is proposed . The results show that the accuracy of the I - MC strength criterion is higher than that of the non - linear MC strength criterion , and has a wider application range .
( 3 ) The rock strength criterion for high confining pressure is studied . The strength criterion of rock hyperbolic curve is presented , the yield curve of the rock is deduced and the yield surface in the main stress space is deduced . The two curves strength criterion is proved to have good applicability through 12 kinds of rock triaxial test data , and the application of the double curve strength criterion in true triaxial compression condition is discussed .
( 4 ) Improved research on the HB strength criterion under triaxial compression conditions . Compared with the HB strength criterion , this criterion has more obvious non - linear characteristics , and the accuracy of the rock triaxial strength assessment is greatly improved . The results show that the accuracy of the I - HB strength criterion is higher than that of the I - MC strength criterion and the hyperbolic strength criterion .
( 5 ) The accuracy of three - axis strength of rock is evaluated by several criteria : I - MC strength criterion , hyperbolic strength criterion and I - HB strength criterion have higher accuracy .
Through the above research , the damage characteristics and triaxial strength characteristics of rock under high confining pressure are revealed , the traditional strength criterion is improved , and the rock strength criterion suitable for high confining pressure condition is put forward . The purpose of this paper is to provide some guidance and theoretical reference for deep rock engineering excavation design and the development of deep rock mechanics theory system .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:武漢科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號(hào)】:TD32
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