本文選題：采動滑坡 + 控坡作用��； 參考：《太原理工大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：煤炭資源的開采造成了大范圍的采煤沉陷,導致上覆巖土體結(jié)構(gòu)破壞,并逐漸影響到地表坡體的穩(wěn)定性。在降雨、地震等條件下容易導致山體滑坡的發(fā)生,進而威脅到周圍人民群眾的生命財產(chǎn)安全。由煤炭資源開采所引起的滑坡問題,以往的研究側(cè)重于地表移動而對坡體與采空區(qū)塌陷的相關性、協(xié)調(diào)性涉及相對較少。因此,研究采動滑坡災害的形成機理以及采煤方式對坡體的控制作用是減少礦山滑坡災害,合理利用礦產(chǎn)資源,改善礦山環(huán)境的關鍵,其研究具有一定的經(jīng)濟價值和社會意義。本文首先對采動滑坡的主要類型以及常見的失穩(wěn)破壞模式進行歸納總結(jié),并對研究區(qū)采動滑坡的類型進行分析。其次從開采前后坡體的力學特性、地形地質(zhì)條件、降雨因素以及地下開采與坡體滑動的直接關系等角度分析采動滑坡的形成機理,結(jié)果表明:采動滑坡的形成過程主要分為五個階段:煤層開采階段—中部下陷階段—后緣拉裂階段—前緣剪切階段—滑坡發(fā)生階段。在上述分析的基礎上,根據(jù)研究區(qū)采動滑坡的實際情況建立對應的數(shù)值模型,對煤層開采條件下坡體的位移、應力、應變等方面進行分析。結(jié)果表明:采空區(qū)形成后頂板上覆巖層整體下沉,并對邊界上方巖體產(chǎn)生拉張作用,使其產(chǎn)生傾倒拉裂破壞。之后頂板的沉陷逐漸影響到地表坡體的穩(wěn)定性,造成坡體后緣產(chǎn)生拉張裂縫,坡體中部則產(chǎn)生彎曲變形并加速了坡體的蠕動,而坡腳處則受到上部坡體的推動作用從而產(chǎn)生剪切變形。最后以研究區(qū)采動滑坡為典型實例,模擬采動邊坡在不同開采方式下的位移、應力、應變的變化,探討不同采煤方式對邊坡移動變形的控制作用。結(jié)果表明:順向全采相比逆向全采更有利于滑坡的形成,而兩端逼近式全采則相比中部擴散式全采更為有效的控制坡體的變形;條帶開采雖然能夠利用煤柱阻止上方坡體的下沉,從而有效的降低頂板巖層的應力傳遞,但是這種采煤方式的回采率相對較低,易造成煤炭資源的浪費;充填開采(即采即充法)是能夠最大限度提高回采率以及上方坡體穩(wěn)定性的采煤方式,充填體的灌入使得煤層頂板的擾曲度顯著降低,大大緩解了上部巖體的沉降,進而有效的控制坡體的應力分布。
[Abstract]:The mining of coal resources causes coal mining subsidence on a large scale, which results in the destruction of the structure of overlying rock and soil, and gradually affects the stability of the surface slope body. Under the condition of rainfall and earthquake, it is easy to cause landslide, and then threaten the safety of people's life and property. The study of landslide caused by coal resource mining has focused on the surface movement and the correlation between slope body and goaf collapse, and the coordination is relatively little. Therefore, the study on the formation mechanism of mining landslide and the control effect of mining mode on slope body is the key to reduce the landslide disaster, make rational use of mineral resources and improve the mine environment. The study has certain economic value and social significance. In this paper, the main types and common failure modes of mining landslide are summarized, and the types of mining landslide in the study area are analyzed. Secondly, the forming mechanism of mining landslide is analyzed from the aspects of mechanical characteristics of slope body before and after mining, topographic and geological conditions, rainfall factors and the direct relationship between underground mining and slope body sliding. The results show that the forming process of mining landslide is mainly divided into five stages: coal seam mining stage, central subsidence stage, back edge pulling stage, leading edge shear stage, and landslide occurrence stage. On the basis of the above analysis, the corresponding numerical model is established according to the actual situation of mining landslide in the study area, and the displacement, stress and strain of the slope body under the condition of coal seam mining are analyzed. The results show that the overlying strata on the roof of the goaf after the formation of the goaf have a whole subsidence and tension effect on the rock mass above the boundary, resulting in the collapse and fracture of the rock mass. Then the subsidence of the roof gradually affects the stability of the slope body, resulting in the extension crack in the back edge of the slope body, and the bending deformation in the middle of the slope body, which accelerates the creep of the slope body. And the bottom of the slope is driven by the upper slope body, resulting in shear deformation. Finally, taking the mining landslide in the study area as a typical example, the changes of displacement, stress and strain of mining slope under different mining modes are simulated, and the control effect of different mining modes on slope movement and deformation is discussed. The results show that the forward full mining is more favorable to the formation of landslide than the reverse full mining, while the two ends approaching full mining is more effective in controlling the deformation of slope body than that of the central diffusive full mining. Although strip mining can use coal pillar to prevent the subsidence of the upper slope body, thus effectively reduce the stress transfer of roof strata, but the recovery rate of this mining method is relatively low, which can easily lead to the waste of coal resources; Filling mining (that is, mining and filling method) is a coal mining method which can maximize the recovery rate and the stability of the upper slope body. Filling with the filling body can significantly reduce the perturbed curvature of the roof of the coal seam and greatly alleviate the settlement of the upper rock mass. The stress distribution of slope is controlled effectively.
【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD82

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