本文選題：稀土礦區(qū) + 土壤改良��； 參考：《仲愷農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)院》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：廣東省東北部山區(qū)稀土資源豐富,是風(fēng)化殼離子型稀土礦的主要分布區(qū)和主產(chǎn)區(qū)之一。稀土資源的開(kāi)發(fā)利用促進(jìn)了當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,但同時(shí)也引發(fā)了環(huán)境問(wèn)題和生態(tài)問(wèn)題。本研究以小區(qū)模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)為主,通過(guò)比較不同植物在稀土礦廢棄區(qū)土壤和菜園土上的成活率,對(duì)植物進(jìn)行篩選并測(cè)量其生長(zhǎng)勢(shì),然后比較篩選出的植物在稀土礦廢棄區(qū)土壤和菜園土上的可溶性糖、游離脯氨酸、葉綠素、可溶性蛋白質(zhì)、POD、SOD、CAT。測(cè)定了澆水、營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素添加、有機(jī)質(zhì)填埋和施用有機(jī)肥等處理對(duì)改良土壤的作用,分析了以上五種不同處理與對(duì)照土壤細(xì)菌16s r DNA和細(xì)菌SRAP多樣性的差異,并進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)。研究結(jié)果如下:1.本研究通過(guò)小區(qū)模擬實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)不同植物的成活率進(jìn)行比較并測(cè)量其生長(zhǎng)勢(shì)。結(jié)果表明,山毛豆、牛筋草、兩耳草、馬唐草的成活率和生長(zhǎng)狀況都較好。并且兩耳草、牛筋草和馬唐草這三種植物的生長(zhǎng)勢(shì)以及鮮干重都具有優(yōu)勢(shì)。但是在稀土上生長(zhǎng)的山毛豆葉片比菜園土上的要綠。因此,選取兩耳草、山毛豆和馬唐草進(jìn)行生理指標(biāo)的測(cè)定。2.通過(guò)比較發(fā)現(xiàn),稀土礦廢棄區(qū)土壤生長(zhǎng)的山毛豆、兩耳草和馬唐草的可溶性糖、游離脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白質(zhì)以及POD、SOD、CAT均大于菜園土生長(zhǎng)者,表現(xiàn)出明顯的抗逆性,其中兩耳草的抗逆性最明顯;在稀土礦廢棄區(qū)土壤上生長(zhǎng)的兩耳草和馬唐草的葉綠素含量都要低于菜園土生長(zhǎng)者,但山毛豆的表現(xiàn)正好相反。3.經(jīng)過(guò)不同處理的稀土礦廢棄區(qū)土壤細(xì)菌含量差異極大,對(duì)照、澆水、添加MS、混合干草粉、混合菜園土和添加雞糞的土壤含菌量分別為2.45×104 cfu/g,1.78×104 cfu/g,1.90×105 cfu/g,2.49×106 cfu/g,2.00×106 cfu/g,9.96×107 cfu/g,表明有機(jī)質(zhì)的添加在提高微生物數(shù)量的效果上要遠(yuǎn)高于無(wú)機(jī)元素的添加,雞糞的效果最好。用SRAP分子標(biāo)記分析土壤微生物多態(tài)性,以雞糞組的多態(tài)性信息含量(PIC)最高,達(dá)到0.903,表明雞糞組的細(xì)菌多樣性最豐富。4.通過(guò)對(duì)細(xì)菌16s r DNA測(cè)序分析,并在NCBI Gene Bank收錄的同源序列進(jìn)行Blast比對(duì)。發(fā)現(xiàn)所測(cè)樣品中未經(jīng)過(guò)處理的稀土土壤含有4個(gè)屬的細(xì)菌,澆水組有3個(gè)屬的細(xì)菌,MS添加組有7個(gè)屬的細(xì)菌,干草粉添加組有5個(gè)屬的細(xì)菌,菜園土添加組有7個(gè)屬的細(xì)菌,雞糞添加組有7個(gè)屬的細(xì)菌。說(shuō)明經(jīng)過(guò)不同處理的稀土礦廢棄區(qū)土壤的細(xì)菌的種類(lèi)及比例發(fā)生了演替,有機(jī)質(zhì)的添加對(duì)于提高細(xì)菌的種類(lèi)上有較好的效果,與SRAP多態(tài)性分析結(jié)果一致。5.在不同處理的土壤上生長(zhǎng)的兩耳草的生長(zhǎng)狀況有較大的差別,通過(guò)比較其兩耳草葉片的葉綠素含量、凈光合作用和胞間CO2濃度,發(fā)現(xiàn)干草組、菜園土組和雞糞組上生長(zhǎng)的兩耳草的葉片正常,葉綠素含量最高,凈光合作用速率也最高;對(duì)照組和澆水組的兩耳草表現(xiàn)出一定的缺素癥狀且葉綠素含量和凈光合作用速率最低,MS組的介于兩個(gè)之間。
[Abstract]:The mountain area of northeast Guangdong Province is rich in rare earth resources and is one of the main distribution and production areas of weathered crust ion rare earth ore. The development and utilization of rare earth resources promote the development of local economy, but also lead to environmental and ecological problems. In this study, we compared the survival rate of different plants in the soil and vegetable garden soil of rare earth mine waste area, screened the plants and measured their growth potential. Then, the soluble sugar, free proline, chlorophyll, soluble protein POD, SOD, CAT in the soil and vegetable garden soil of rare earth mineral waste area were compared. The effects of irrigation, nutrient addition, organic matter landfill and organic fertilizer application on soil improvement were determined. The diversity of bacteria 16s r DNA and bacterial SRAP in the five treatments were analyzed and evaluated systematically. The results are as follows: 1. In this study, the survival rate of different plants was compared and their growth potential was measured by plot simulation experiment. The results showed that the survival rate and growth status of the three species were better. And the growth potential and fresh dry weight of the three plants were superior. But leaves grown on rare earths are greener than those on garden soil. Therefore, the physiological indexes of Auricularia chinensis, Sargassum mongolicum and Corydophyllum chinensis were determined. 2. 2. It was found by comparison that the soluble sugar, free proline, soluble protein and POD SOD cat of the soil grown in the waste area of rare earth mine were all higher than those of the native elders of vegetable garden, and showed obvious resistance to stress, and the content of soluble sugar, free proline, soluble protein and PODX SOD cat in the soil of the waste area of rare earth mine were higher than those of the native ones. The chlorophyll content of two ear grass growing in the soil of rare earth ore wasteland was lower than that of the native elders of vegetable garden, but the content of Chlorophyll was opposite. 3. The bacterial content of soil in the waste area of rare earth ore treated with different treatments is very different. Control, watering, adding MS, mixing hay powder, The microbial contents of mixed vegetable garden soil and chicken manure were 2.45 脳 10 ~ 4 cfur / g 1.78 脳 10 ~ 4 cfur 路g ~ (-1) 1.90 脳 10 ~ 5 cfug / g ~ (2.49 脳 10 ~ (6) cfug ~ (-1) 2.00 脳 10 ~ (6) ~ (6) cfug / g ~ (9.96) 脳 10 ~ (7) ~ (7) cfug / g respectively, which indicated that the effect of adding organic matter to increase microbial quantity was much higher than that of inorganic element addition, and chicken manure had the best effect. The polymorphism of soil microorganism was analyzed by SRAP molecular marker. The polymorphic information content of chicken manure group was the highest (0.903), which indicated that the diversity of bacteria in chicken manure group was the most abundant. 4. The 16s r DNA sequence of bacteria was sequenced, and the homologous sequences included in NCBI Gene Bank were compared with Blast. It was found that there were 4 genera of bacteria in the untreated rare earth soil, 3 genera of bacteria in watering group, 7 genera of bacteria in MS addition group, 5 genera in hay powder group, 7 genera in vegetable soil addition group. There were 7 genera of bacteria in chicken manure addition group. The results showed that the species and proportion of bacteria in the soil of the waste area of rare earth ore treated with different treatments had a succession, and the addition of organic matter had a better effect on improving the species of bacteria, which was consistent with the result of SRAP polymorphism analysis. The growth status of two ear grasses growing on different treatments was different. By comparing the chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis and intercellular CO2 concentration in leaves of two ear grasses, it was found that the hay group. The leaves were normal, chlorophyll content was the highest, and the net photosynthesis rate was the highest in the vegetable garden soil group and chicken manure group. The control group and watering group showed certain vegetative deficiency and the lowest chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis rate were between the two groups.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：仲愷農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TD88;S156

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