本文選題：斗笠山 + 巖溶塌陷　； 參考：《湖南科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)不斷加快的經(jīng)濟(jì)節(jié)奏,人類(lèi)各行各業(yè)飛速發(fā)展。煤礦作為一種重要能源,被人類(lèi)大量開(kāi)采,地質(zhì)環(huán)境因此受到了巨大破壞,隨之引發(fā)大量地面塌陷災(zāi)害。斗笠山地處湖南重要產(chǎn)煤地,礦區(qū)眾多,巖溶發(fā)育,給人們的生命安全和財(cái)產(chǎn)保障帶來(lái)了巨大隱患。本文通過(guò)在湖南地調(diào)院—湘中地區(qū)巖溶塌陷調(diào)查(1212011220190)對(duì)巖溶塌陷的成因機(jī)理、監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)報(bào)及易發(fā)性分區(qū)進(jìn)行研究,不僅能夠促進(jìn)礦山合理開(kāi)采,科學(xué)的防災(zāi)、減災(zāi)及救災(zāi)措施提供依據(jù),同時(shí)也能對(duì)土地合理利用和新型城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)提供重要的指導(dǎo)意義。首先,在系統(tǒng)總結(jié)分析巖溶塌陷的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)斗笠山地區(qū)展開(kāi)巖溶塌陷調(diào)查,查明區(qū)內(nèi)巖溶塌陷分布情況、塌陷類(lèi)型、時(shí)空分布規(guī)律、發(fā)育特征、土層情況、水文地質(zhì)條件、工程地質(zhì)條件等,進(jìn)行綜合分析�？偨Y(jié)其成因主要可分為區(qū)內(nèi)地質(zhì)背景、自然環(huán)境和人類(lèi)工程活動(dòng)三大因素。地質(zhì)因素主要為斗笠山為一向斜,區(qū)內(nèi)褶皺較多、巖層裂隙發(fā)育,與煤層接觸的茅口組地層主要成分為厚層狀至巨厚層狀灰?guī)r,屬碳酸鹽巖類(lèi),巖溶發(fā)育程度強(qiáng);自然環(huán)境和人類(lèi)工程活動(dòng)是巖溶塌陷的誘發(fā)因素,自然因素主要為春季的持續(xù)降雨和夏季的強(qiáng)降雨;人為因素主要為礦坑的施工和強(qiáng)排疏干地下水。值得注意的是,從煤礦開(kāi)采以來(lái)礦坑抽排水對(duì)原有地層力學(xué)平衡造成破壞,為塌陷災(zāi)害主要因素。最后,建立具體評(píng)價(jià)體系,運(yùn)用層次法-模糊評(píng)價(jià)法,將影響決策的要素分解,然后采用定性和定量的分析方法,通過(guò)確定塌陷的評(píng)價(jià)因子和各參數(shù)因子的權(quán)重,綜合評(píng)判分析,利用GIS平臺(tái)對(duì)研究區(qū)巖溶塌陷災(zāi)害進(jìn)行易發(fā)性分區(qū)評(píng)價(jià)。
[Abstract]:With the accelerating economic rhythm of our country, all kinds of human industries are developing rapidly. As a kind of important energy, coal mine is exploited by human being in large quantities, and the geological environment is destroyed greatly, which leads to a large number of ground collapse disasters. Duli Mountain is located in the important coal-producing land of Hunan province. There are many mining areas and karst development, which brings great hidden danger to people's life safety and property security. Based on the investigation of karst collapse in Hunan Gejiaoyuan-Central Hunan area (1212011220190), this paper studies the formation mechanism, monitoring and forecasting of karst collapse, and the zone of vulnerability, which can not only promote rational mining of mines, but also prevent disaster scientifically. The disaster reduction and disaster relief measures provide the basis for the rational use of land and the construction of new urbanization. First of all, on the basis of systematically summarizing and analyzing the present research situation of karst collapse at home and abroad, the karst collapse investigation is carried out in Doulaishan area to find out the distribution of karst collapse, the type of collapse, the law of space-time distribution, the characteristics of development, the situation of soil layer. Hydrogeological conditions, engineering geological conditions and so on, comprehensive analysis. The causes can be divided into three factors: geological background, natural environment and human engineering activities. The geological factors are that Doulishan is always inclined, there are many folds in the area, and the fractures of rock strata are developed. The main composition of Maokou formation strata in contact with coal seam is thick stratiform to very thick stratiform limestone, which belongs to carbonate rock and has strong karst development degree. The natural environment and human engineering activities are the inducing factors of karst collapse, the natural factors are the continuous rainfall in spring and the heavy rainfall in summer, and the human factors are mainly the construction of mine pits and the strong drainage of dry groundwater. It is worth noting that the drainage and drainage of the mine pit has destroyed the mechanical balance of the original strata and is the main factor of the collapse disaster since the mining of the coal mine. Finally, the concrete evaluation system is established, and the factors that affect decision-making are decomposed by using the hierarchical method and fuzzy evaluation method. Then, the qualitative and quantitative analysis methods are used to determine the evaluation factors of collapse and the weight of each parameter factor. Based on the comprehensive evaluation and analysis, the susceptibility of karst collapse in the study area was evaluated by using GIS platform.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TD327;P642.25

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