本文選題：地下開采 + 地表變形�。� 參考：《安徽理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：煤炭作為我國的主要化石能源,其在我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)中所占據(jù)的地位是不可替代的。我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展離不開煤炭資源的開發(fā)與利用。然而隨著煤炭的采出,礦區(qū)地表常常發(fā)生塌陷變形,而地表塌陷形成過程中往往伴有裂隙的形成。地表裂隙的形成改變了土壤原有的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu),加速了水土的流失,降低了土壤中營養(yǎng)元素的含量,促使耕地貧瘠化。根據(jù)裂隙的形成機(jī)理將裂隙分為四類,即擠壓型裂隙、滑動型裂隙、塌陷型裂隙、拉張型裂隙。本文主要是對煤層開采區(qū)地表拉張型裂隙的形成與演化進(jìn)行研究。拉伸型裂隙是由于地表受到的拉應(yīng)力超過了其所能承受的最大抗拉強(qiáng)度時形成的,裂隙一般呈現(xiàn)上寬下窄的形態(tài),裂隙發(fā)育深度相對較淺。拉伸型裂隙的形成加速了地表土壤的水土流失,改變了地表形態(tài)及耕地的內(nèi)部構(gòu)造,降低了土壤質(zhì)量。研究地表拉張裂隙的形成與演化不僅可以對裂隙的形成與發(fā)育規(guī)律有更清楚的認(rèn)識,還可以對裂隙的形成位置進(jìn)行預(yù)測。本文通過模擬煤層的開采,對煤層開采過程中地表拉張型裂隙的形成與演化進(jìn)行了研究,并對不同開采厚度下裂隙的形成與發(fā)育情況進(jìn)行了對比分析。試驗過程對裂隙的特征值進(jìn)行了測量,應(yīng)用并行電法對模型內(nèi)部裂隙的發(fā)育情況進(jìn)行了監(jiān)測,對觀測面上裂隙的發(fā)育過程做了拍照記錄,后期通過對并行電法得到的反演剖面圖進(jìn)行分析、數(shù)字圖像的處理,結(jié)合觀測數(shù)據(jù)的分析處理結(jié)果,得到了以下研究成果:(1)煤層開采過程中拉張裂隙超前于開采工作面一定距離形成,隨著煤層開采的進(jìn)行裂隙寬度先變大后減小。(2)采深相同時,開采厚度越大裂隙發(fā)育達(dá)到最大值時的寬度、深度也越大;煤層采長相同時,煤層開采厚度小時地表形成裂隙的密度大。(3)并行電法對試驗?zāi)Ｐ蛢?nèi)部拉張裂隙的形成與演化過程進(jìn)行了很好的表征。根據(jù)模型土體內(nèi)部電阻率阻值大小在開采過程中的變化,通過對多階段電阻率反演剖面圖的分析,對試驗過程中裂隙的形成位置,寬度、深度的發(fā)育大小進(jìn)行了直觀的表現(xiàn),為研究裂隙的形成與演化提供了理論支撐。
[Abstract]:As the main fossil energy in China, coal plays an irreplaceable role in the national economy construction. The development of our country's economy is inseparable from the development and utilization of coal resources. However, with the coal mining, the surface of the mining area often collapse deformation, and the formation process of surface collapse is often accompanied by the formation of cracks. The formation of surface cracks changes the original internal structure of soil, accelerates soil erosion, reduces the content of nutrient elements in soil, and makes cultivated land barren. According to the formation mechanism of fractures, the fractures can be divided into four types, namely, compression-type fissures, sliding fissures, collapse-type fissures and tensioning fissures. In this paper, the formation and evolution of extensional fractures in coal seam mining area are studied. The tensile fracture is formed when the tensile stress on the surface exceeds the maximum tensile strength it can bear. The fracture is generally in the form of upper width and narrowness and the fracture development depth is relatively shallow. The formation of extensional fissures accelerates soil erosion, changes the surface morphology and the internal structure of cultivated land, and reduces the soil quality. The study of the formation and evolution of the surface tensile fractures can not only have a clearer understanding of the formation and development law of the fractures, but also predict the formation position of the fractures. In this paper, the formation and evolution of tensile fractures in coal seam mining are studied by simulating the mining of coal seams, and the formation and development of fractures under different mining thickness are compared and analyzed. The characteristic values of fractures were measured during the experiment, the development of cracks in the model was monitored by parallel electric method, and the development process of cracks on the observation surface was recorded by taking pictures. In the later stage, the inversion profile obtained by the parallel electric method is analyzed, the digital image is processed, and the analysis and processing results of the observation data are combined. The following research results are obtained: in the process of coal seam mining, the tensile fissure is formed in advance of a certain distance from the mining face, and with the coal seam mining the crack width increases first and then decreases. 2) when the mining depth is the same, The greater the mining thickness, the greater the width and depth of the fissure when it reaches the maximum, and the more the coal seam looks at the same time, The formation and evolution of tensile fractures in the test model are well characterized by parallel electrical method. According to the variation of the internal resistivity resistance of the model soil in the mining process, through the analysis of the multi-stage resistivity inversion profile, the formation position, width and depth of the cracks in the test process are shown directly. It provides theoretical support for studying the formation and evolution of fractures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD327

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