本文選題：后橋殼 + 有限元分析　； 參考：《中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,礦用自卸車因承載能力強(qiáng)大而得到了人們廣泛青睞,在我國的銷量逐年穩(wěn)定遞增,并實現(xiàn)了 300噸級礦用自卸車國產(chǎn)化。礦用自卸車驅(qū)動后橋系統(tǒng)是汽車傳動系的總成之一,其基本功用是在承受載荷的同時,將發(fā)動機(jī)輸出的扭矩最后傳遞到驅(qū)動輪,以達(dá)到車輛行駛的目的。后橋殼是驅(qū)動后橋系統(tǒng)的基體,在車輛行駛過程中需承受多種載荷的作用,其結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計直接影響礦用自卸汽車的安全性和可靠性,是自卸車極為重要的安全件和功能件。通常后橋殼的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計憑借經(jīng)驗和手冊,設(shè)計的產(chǎn)品由于復(fù)雜的工況環(huán)境無法采用經(jīng)典力學(xué)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度校核,設(shè)計師憑經(jīng)驗會采用保守設(shè)計,這樣必然導(dǎo)致設(shè)計產(chǎn)品笨重且不合理。本文基于某300噸級礦用自卸車整車的參數(shù)和工況分析,對礦用自卸車后橋殼進(jìn)行了以下幾個方面的研究:首先,調(diào)研國內(nèi)外礦用自卸車不同的車型,結(jié)合大量文獻(xiàn),列出幾個品牌公司暢銷款型整車的基本尺寸;根據(jù)A型懸架和三連桿懸架優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)的對比,確定后懸懸架的設(shè)計方案,并給出后懸的基本結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸。其次,由于車架和后橋系統(tǒng)緊密相連,根據(jù)車架承載情況,計算后橋殼的受力大小,通過校核連接緊固件,確定后橋殼的基本尺寸;并對后橋殼焊接工藝進(jìn)行分析研究。再次,對后橋殼結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行整體設(shè)計,繪制二維圖紙,并建立三維實體模型;利用有限元分析軟件ANSYS workbench,建立有限元模型,基于正常工況和極端工況,對所設(shè)計的后橋殼結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度分析。最后,采用正交試驗設(shè)計給出樣本,通過有限元軟件計算響應(yīng)值,即可構(gòu)建Krigng代理模型。本文采用多島遺傳算法(MIGA)對后橋殼進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計,并與非支配排序遺傳算法(NSGA-II)優(yōu)化結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比,兩種方法可確保優(yōu)化結(jié)果的合理性,而較優(yōu)化前,優(yōu)化后的后橋殼重量得到了大幅度降低。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the mine dump truck has been widely favored by people because of its strong carrying capacity. The sales volume in our country has been steadily increasing year by year, and the 300 ton mine dump truck has been made locally. The driving rear axle system of mine dump truck is one of the assemblies of the automobile transmission system. Its basic function is to transfer the torque of engine output to the driving wheel at the same time of bearing the load, so as to achieve the purpose of driving the vehicle. The rear axle housing is the base of driving the rear axle system, and it must bear many kinds of loads in the driving process of the vehicle. Its structure design directly affects the safety and reliability of the mine dump truck, and is an extremely important safety and function part of the dump truck. Usually, the structural design of the rear axle shell depends on the experience and manual, the design product can not be checked by classical mechanics because of the complex working condition environment, the designer will adopt conservative design based on the experience. This will inevitably lead to heavy and unreasonable design products. Based on the analysis of the parameters and working conditions of a 300-ton mine dump truck, this paper studies the rear axle shell of the mine dump truck in the following aspects: firstly, it investigates the different models of the mine dump truck at home and abroad, combined with a large number of documents. According to the comparison of advantages and disadvantages between A-type suspension and three-link suspension, the design scheme of rear suspension is determined, and the basic structural dimensions of rear suspension are given. Secondly, because the frame and the rear axle system are closely connected, according to the loading condition of the frame, the force size of the rear axle shell is calculated, and the basic size of the rear axle shell is determined by checking the fastener, and the welding technology of the rear axle shell is analyzed and studied. Thirdly, the structure of rear axle shell is designed as a whole, 2D drawing is drawn, and three-dimensional solid model is established. The finite element model is established by using finite element analysis software ANSYS workbench, which is based on normal and extreme working conditions. The strength of the rear axle shell is analyzed. Finally, the Krigng agent model can be constructed by using the orthogonal test design to give the sample, and the response value is calculated by the finite element software. In this paper, multi-island genetic algorithm (MIGA) is used to optimize the design of the rear axle shell, and the optimization results are compared with the results of the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). The two methods can ensure the rationality of the optimization results, but before the optimization, the two methods can ensure the rationality of the optimization results. The weight of the optimized rear axle shell is greatly reduced.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD50

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