本文選題：巖爆 + 深部開采　； 參考：《北京科技大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：金屬礦山深部開采過程中,受高應(yīng)力、強(qiáng)擾動(dòng)等深部環(huán)境因素影響,深部巖石巖爆等動(dòng)力災(zāi)害現(xiàn)象與淺部相比更加頻繁和劇烈,嚴(yán)重制約著礦山向深部開采。隨著我國金屬礦山開采深度逐年增加,巖爆地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的危害性日趨顯著。本文作為國家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863計(jì)劃)重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目課題“深井巖爆災(zāi)害動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測與危險(xiǎn)性分析技術(shù)”的組成部分,以玲南金礦為工程背景,研究成果為該礦深部開采巖爆預(yù)測和防控提供理論依據(jù)。本文研究主要獲得以下成果： 1.通過對玲南金礦深部復(fù)雜巖體環(huán)境進(jìn)行研究,明確了玲南金礦深部地質(zhì)構(gòu)造及區(qū)域水文地質(zhì)條件；采用應(yīng)力解除法測量了玲南金礦三個(gè)中段共計(jì)六個(gè)測點(diǎn)的地應(yīng)力值,并結(jié)合偏最小二乘法對玲南金礦原始地應(yīng)力場進(jìn)行反演,獲得了礦區(qū)應(yīng)力場分布規(guī)律；針對原始地應(yīng)力場,采用動(dòng)力區(qū)劃理論中的應(yīng)力集中系數(shù),評價(jià)得出玲南金礦處于應(yīng)力升高區(qū),巖爆發(fā)生危險(xiǎn)性較高。 2.通過數(shù)值模擬分析了玲南金礦開采過程中的應(yīng)力場演化規(guī)律,提出玲南金礦采場結(jié)構(gòu)存在的應(yīng)力拱效應(yīng)。受應(yīng)力拱效應(yīng)影響,應(yīng)力異常區(qū)域集中在穿脈掌子面附近,且同一水平內(nèi)的穿脈掌子面連線形成一條應(yīng)力升高帶,應(yīng)力拱的頂點(diǎn)同應(yīng)力升高帶控制著整個(gè)采場的應(yīng)力異常區(qū)變化。根據(jù)建立的庫倫擾動(dòng)應(yīng)力增量模型和相關(guān)動(dòng)力學(xué)特征判據(jù),分析了開采對斷層影響帶的擾動(dòng)響應(yīng),揭示了玲南金礦斷層庫倫擾動(dòng)應(yīng)力激發(fā)區(qū)與應(yīng)力影區(qū)分布特征。針對礦區(qū)高應(yīng)力異常區(qū)潛在的巖爆危險(xiǎn)性預(yù)測,提出了深部巖爆災(zāi)害防治技術(shù)與工程措施。即通過優(yōu)化采礦順序,降低采場高應(yīng)力異常區(qū)的最大主應(yīng)力,從而可以從應(yīng)力方面實(shí)現(xiàn)降低巖爆災(zāi)害發(fā)生的可能性。 3.通過對玲南金礦巖樣進(jìn)行單軸抗壓、抗拉試驗(yàn),分析了玲南金礦深部礦巖的動(dòng)力學(xué)性能,玲南金礦無蝕變帶圍巖各項(xiàng)巖爆沖擊傾向性較高,在破壞之前能吸收較多的彈性能,破壞烈度更高；通過三軸循環(huán)加卸載實(shí)驗(yàn),將表征巖石沖擊傾向狀態(tài)的彈性能指標(biāo)與損傷變量進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)分析,得出了彈性能指標(biāo)隨損傷變量增加的變化規(guī)律,針對玲南金礦深部圍巖巖爆發(fā)生條件定義了巖爆發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn)區(qū)間；通過巖石聲發(fā)射測試,揭示了玲南金礦深部礦巖巖爆傾向性與巖石加載破壞過程中的聲發(fā)射響應(yīng)特征的關(guān)系,發(fā)現(xiàn)中等巖爆傾向性巖石的聲發(fā)射能量累積計(jì)數(shù)是低等巖爆傾向性巖石的10倍以上。顯然,兩種巖爆程度的聲發(fā)射能量累積計(jì)數(shù)存在數(shù)量級(jí)的差異。 4.針對礦山深部開采過程中的巖爆災(zāi)害,提出了沖擊危險(xiǎn)性與巖爆沖擊勢的概念,將巖爆發(fā)生的可能性與巖爆災(zāi)害的烈度進(jìn)行了區(qū)分。建立了玲南金礦巖爆危險(xiǎn)性多級(jí)判別體系,綜合應(yīng)用地質(zhì)條件、埋深、深部礦巖巖性、應(yīng)力條件以及能量賦存等多維信息,對玲南金礦深部采場的高沖擊巖爆危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域進(jìn)行分析識(shí)別。將采用此判別獲得的十九中段高沖擊巖爆危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域與微震監(jiān)測結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)微震發(fā)生位置與危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域吻合度較高,驗(yàn)證了此方法在玲南金礦的可用性。以此對玲南金礦深部即將開采的20中段標(biāo)高-607m處平面采場的高沖擊巖爆危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域進(jìn)行識(shí)別,獲得了-607m處平面采場巖爆危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域,為下一步礦山的開采設(shè)計(jì)提供指導(dǎo),并將以上述判別體系集成到“玲南金礦巖爆災(zāi)害危險(xiǎn)性分析系統(tǒng)”,為開采過程的高沖擊巖爆危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域預(yù)測和巖爆災(zāi)害防控提供了技術(shù)支撐,為玲南金礦深部采礦安全生產(chǎn)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In the process of deep mining of metal mines , dynamic disasters such as high stress and strong disturbance are more frequent and violent than those of shallow parts , which severely restrict the mine to deep mining . As the mining depth of metal mines in China increases year by year , the harmfulness of rock burst geological disasters is becoming more and more significant .

1 . Through the study of the deep complex rock mass environment in Lingan gold deposit , the deep geological structure and regional hydrogeological conditions of Lingan gold deposit are defined .
The stress relief method is adopted to measure the stress value of six test points in the three middle sections of Lingan gold deposit , and the initial stress field of Lingan gold deposit is inverted by means of partial least square method , and the distribution law of the stress field in the mining area is obtained .
According to the initial stress field , the stress concentration coefficient in the theory of dynamic zoning is adopted , and it is concluded that Lingan gold deposit is in the stress - raising area , and the rock burst risk is high .

Based on the established Coulomb perturbation stress increment model and the relevant dynamic characteristic criterion , the paper analyzes the disturbance response of the mining to the fault zone , and puts forward the technical and engineering measures of the deep rock burst disaster prevention and control .

3 . The dynamic properties of the deep ore rock in Lingan gold deposit were analyzed by uniaxial compressive and tensile tests on the rock samples of the Nanling gold deposit . The rock burst impact tendency of the non - corrosion zone surrounding rock in Lingan gold deposit was higher , and more elastic energy could be absorbed before the failure , and the destruction intensity was higher ;
Through the three - axis cyclic loading and unloading experiment , the elastic performance index and the damage variable of the rock burst tendency state are analyzed , and the variation law of the elastic performance index with the damage variable is obtained , and the dangerous section of rock burst occurrence is defined for the rock burst occurrence condition of the deep surrounding rock in Lingan gold deposit ;
Through the rock acoustic emission test , the relationship between the rock burst tendency and the acoustic emission response characteristics in the rock loading and failure process is revealed . It is found that the cumulative count of the acoustic emission energy of the medium rock burst rock is more than 10 times of the low rock burst tendency rock . It is clear that the difference between the two types of sonic emission energy accumulation counts is in the order of magnitude .

4 . According to the rock burst disaster in the deep mining process of the mine , the concept of rock burst risk and rock burst impact is put forward , the probability of rock burst and the intensity of rock burst disaster are distinguished .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD326;TD863

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