本文選題：微震監(jiān)測(cè)　切入點(diǎn)：彈性波　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在地下環(huán)境采礦施工的過(guò)程中,當(dāng)巖體內(nèi)部受力平衡遭到破壞時(shí),會(huì)造成巖體滑落、倒塌的現(xiàn)象,威脅到施工人員的生命安全,因此有必要采取一定的措施來(lái)加強(qiáng)施工人員地下施工環(huán)境的安全性。雖然有部分地下施工采礦環(huán)境中裝有國(guó)外引進(jìn)的微震監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng),但是由于價(jià)格昂貴,維修不便以及維修費(fèi)用高等原因,使微震監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)無(wú)法像在國(guó)外一樣得到推廣和應(yīng)用。而目前國(guó)外微震監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng),也需要工作人員從PC機(jī)中進(jìn)行人工識(shí)別信號(hào),通過(guò)記錄整理等一系列處理后,才能進(jìn)行后續(xù)的分析,得出被測(cè)巖體破裂情況,環(huán)節(jié)比較復(fù)雜,而且所花時(shí)間長(zhǎng),不能及時(shí)預(yù)警。本文研究的微震監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng),目的就是為了減少現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工人員的工作量,及時(shí)采集和分析數(shù)據(jù),使系統(tǒng)更加智能化。通過(guò)對(duì)相關(guān)微震監(jiān)測(cè)項(xiàng)目的調(diào)研,獲得大量礦山巖體破裂的微震信號(hào)數(shù)據(jù),并用所得的數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比聲發(fā)射信號(hào)進(jìn)行整理和分析,得出微震信號(hào)的特點(diǎn)。通過(guò)整理分析所得數(shù)據(jù)與礦山巖體的實(shí)際狀況,依據(jù)聲發(fā)射檢測(cè)原理提出了基于微震信號(hào)的無(wú)損檢測(cè)方案,并對(duì)系統(tǒng)中信號(hào)采集調(diào)理電路進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)。首先選擇了型號(hào)為ULT2020的壓電加速度傳感器,設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)增益可調(diào)的前置放大器。然后由微震信號(hào)的通帶范圍結(jié)合有源帶通濾波器原理設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)通帶范圍為100Hz～2500Hz,通帶增益K=100的雙二次型橢圓函數(shù)帶通濾波器,以提高有效信號(hào)拾取的精確度,通過(guò)電路的仿真以及容差分析的結(jié)果可以得出濾波器滿(mǎn)足系統(tǒng)所需的設(shè)計(jì)要求。在使用實(shí)際電路板測(cè)試時(shí),主要是元件排版不合理,波形效果不太理想。最后通過(guò)總線(xiàn)類(lèi)型為USB和以太網(wǎng)的數(shù)據(jù)采集卡EM9636B/BD對(duì)信號(hào)進(jìn)行采集和計(jì)數(shù),在計(jì)數(shù)預(yù)警值的選擇上,通過(guò)分析了微震監(jiān)測(cè)所得到的微震事件次數(shù)與巖體內(nèi)部破損關(guān)系,提出了一種智能化預(yù)警方案,即顏色層次預(yù)警。
[Abstract]:In the process of underground mining construction, when the internal stress balance of rock mass is destroyed, the rock mass will fall down and collapse, which will threaten the safety of the construction personnel.Therefore, it is necessary to take certain measures to strengthen the safety of underground construction environment.Although some underground mining environment is equipped with microseismic monitoring system imported from abroad, because of high price, inconvenience of maintenance and high maintenance cost, the microseismic monitoring system can not be popularized and applied as abroad.At present, the microseismic monitoring system in foreign countries also needs staff to carry out manual identification signals from PC, after a series of processing, such as recording and sorting, can we carry out subsequent analysis, and get the fracture situation of the measured rock mass, and the link is quite complex.And it takes a long time to warn in time.The purpose of the microseismic monitoring system studied in this paper is to reduce the workload of the field construction personnel, collect and analyze the data in time, and make the system more intelligent.Through the investigation of the related microseismic monitoring project, a large number of microseismic signal data of rock mass rupture are obtained, and the characteristics of the microseismic signal are obtained by comparing the acoustic emission signal with the obtained data.According to the principle of acoustic emission detection, the nondestructive testing scheme based on microseismic signal is put forward by analyzing the data and the actual situation of mine rock mass, and the signal acquisition and conditioning circuit in the system is designed.Firstly, a piezoelectric accelerometer based on ULT2020 is selected and a preamplifier with adjustable gain is designed.Then a band-pass double quadratic elliptic function band-pass filter with a passband range of 100Hz ~ 2500Hz and pass band gain Kn100 is designed by combining the pass-band range of microseismic signal with the principle of active band-pass filter, so as to improve the accuracy of effective signal pickup.Through the simulation of the circuit and the results of tolerance analysis, it can be concluded that the filter can meet the design requirements of the system.In the use of practical circuit board testing, the main component layout is unreasonable, waveform effect is not ideal.Finally, the signal is collected and counted by data acquisition card (EM9636B/BD) with bus type USB and Ethernet. In the selection of counting and warning value, the relationship between the number of microseismic events obtained by microseismic monitoring and the internal damage of rock mass is analyzed.In this paper, an intelligent early warning scheme, namely color level early warning, is proposed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TD326

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