本文選題：磨機換襯板專用機械手　切入點：拓撲優(yōu)化　出處：《江西理工大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：對于整個磨機系統(tǒng)而言,襯板是數(shù)量最大的零部件之一,也是受磨損破壞量最多的零部件之一。傳統(tǒng)采用人工的方式更換襯板耗時長,工人的勞動強度也大且還存在安全隱患,這嚴重影響磨機的作業(yè)效率。因此,研制出性能穩(wěn)定、工作可靠的磨機換襯板專用機械手對解決礦山磨機襯板更換問題,將產(chǎn)生重大意義。本文以某礦山選礦廠筒體直徑為4.8m的球磨機為對象,針對初期設計的磨機換襯板專用機械手撓度過大的問題,采用連續(xù)體拓撲優(yōu)化的方法對其進行拓撲優(yōu)化設計,得到的磨機換襯板專用機械新手結(jié)構(gòu),并通過仿真分析進行驗證。全文主要進行了以下研究工作。(1)分析磨機換襯板專用機械手的原理及組成,設計其運動系統(tǒng)的主要技術(shù)參數(shù)與最大負載下四個不同工況。對比分析各工況,并針對其中三個相對較危險工況做了結(jié)構(gòu)靜力分析,以確定危險工況。同時,為確定對整機撓度變形影響較大的零部件,對主要組成部件吊臂與爪具體也進行了具體的撓度變形分析。結(jié)果表明:安裝離機械手最遠且俯仰角最小位置的襯板時對應的工況3的應力與變形都是最大的,即確定工況3為危險工況;危險工況下,整機最大變形量為7.713mm,即撓度變形過大、剛度不足;且吊臂與爪具體單部件獨的變形量都大,則知它們對整機的撓度變形影響度很大。由此得到的結(jié)論為后文磨機換襯板專用機械手拓撲優(yōu)化設計指明了方向。(2)在Hyperworks軟件的優(yōu)化模塊Optistruct中,基于SIMP方法的拓撲優(yōu)化模型,以體積分數(shù)為約束、最小柔度為目標的方法,對磨機換襯板專用機械手的吊臂與爪具體分別做了拓撲優(yōu)化設計,得到新結(jié)構(gòu)。最后針對危險工況做了整機的剛度驗證。結(jié)果表明:經(jīng)拓撲優(yōu)化設計后,整機的撓度變形減小到4.228mm,且應力仍小于材料許用應力值,機械手準確抓取并對位安裝襯板的可靠性得到提高。(3)針對危險工況,對拓撲優(yōu)化后的磨機換襯板專用機械手做模態(tài)分析與瞬態(tài)分析,并與優(yōu)化前的分析結(jié)果作對比;同時在Solidworks Motion插件中做工作過程運動仿真。結(jié)果顯示:拓撲優(yōu)化后的磨機換襯板專用機械手的前兩階固有頻率得到提高,更好地避免低頻干擾共振的發(fā)生;在瞬態(tài)沖擊載荷作用下,優(yōu)化前的整機在1.6s后達到穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),而優(yōu)化后僅在0.8s后就達到了穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),時間明顯縮短,整機的穩(wěn)定性更好;運動仿真過程中位移、速度及加速度曲線均是光滑的,不產(chǎn)生零部件間的干涉碰撞,即拓撲優(yōu)化設計的整機在運動性能方面結(jié)構(gòu)合理。
[Abstract]:For the whole mill system, the liner is one of the largest parts, and also one of the most damaged parts. The traditional manual method to replace the liner takes a long time, the labor intensity of workers is also large and there are hidden dangers of safety. This has seriously affected the working efficiency of the mill. Therefore, a special manipulator, which has stable performance and reliable work, has been developed to solve the problem of replacing the lining plate of the mine mill. This paper takes the ball mill with the diameter of 4.8 m in a mine concentrator as the object, aiming at the problem of excessive deflection of the special manipulator designed in the initial stage for changing the lining plate of the mill. The topology optimization method is used to optimize the topology of the mill, and the new mechanical structure is obtained. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1) analyzing the principle and composition of the special manipulator for the mill lining plate. The main technical parameters of the motion system are designed and four different working conditions under the maximum load are designed. Each condition is compared and analyzed, and structural static analysis is made for three relatively dangerous working conditions in order to determine the dangerous working conditions. In order to determine the parts which have great influence on the deflection of the whole machine, The deflection analysis of the main components of the boom and claw is also carried out. The results show that the stress and deformation of the working condition 3 are maximum when installing the liner which is the farthest away from the manipulator and with the smallest pitch angle. The maximum deformation of the whole machine is 7.713mm, that is, the deflection is too large and the stiffness is insufficient. It is known that they have great influence on the deflection and deformation of the whole machine. The conclusion indicates the direction of topology optimization design of the special manipulator for the mill lining plate.) in the optimization module Optistruct of Hyperworks software, the topology optimization model based on SIMP method is proposed. Taking volume fraction as constraint and minimum flexibility as objective method, the specific topology optimization design of boom and claw of special manipulator for changing lining plate of grinding machine is made. The new structure is obtained. Finally, the stiffness of the whole machine is verified according to the dangerous conditions. The results show that the deflection of the whole machine is reduced to 4.228 mm after topology optimization, and the stress is still less than the allowable stress of the material. According to the dangerous condition, the modal analysis and transient analysis of the special manipulator after topology optimization are done, and the results are compared with the results before optimization. At the same time, the simulation of the working process in the Solidworks Motion plug-in is done. The results show that the first two natural frequencies of the special manipulator for changing linings of the mill are improved after topology optimization, and the low frequency interference resonance is better avoided; Under the action of transient impact load, the whole machine before optimization reaches the stable state after 1.6 seconds, but only reaches the stable state after 0.8 seconds after optimization, the time is obviously shortened, and the stability of the whole machine is better. The velocity and acceleration curves are smooth, and there is no interference collision between parts, that is, the structure of the whole machine designed by topology optimization is reasonable in terms of motion performance.
【學位授予單位】：江西理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD453;TP241

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