本文選題：氧化煤　切入點(diǎn)：浮選　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著采煤機(jī)械化強(qiáng)度的提高和煤層的變化,煤泥由于氧化生成親水性的含氧官能團(tuán),易與水分子形成氫鍵而變的越來越難浮選。近年來,很多學(xué)者對煤泥的浮選藥劑進(jìn)行了研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)某些表面活性劑不僅能夠增加煤泥表面的疏水性,還能對捕收劑產(chǎn)生乳化作用,促進(jìn)煤泥表面捕收劑的吸附,增強(qiáng)了捕收劑的捕收性,從而提高浮選效率和精煤產(chǎn)量。本項(xiàng)目的浮選煤泥是用雙氧水在室溫下氧化的屯蘭精煤。煤泥氧化前后浮選試驗(yàn)的可燃體回收率降低13.63%,說明該煤泥被氧化后疏水性變差。紅外光譜顯示氧化后煤泥波數(shù)在3300cm-1~3650cm-1的-OH、-COOH吸收峰面積明顯增大;3010cm-1~3040cm-1的C=C吸收峰和3000cm-1~3100cm-1苯C-H吸收峰面積減小;氧化后煤泥在1684 cm-1~1724cm-1附近出現(xiàn)C=O的吸收峰。煤泥氧化前的潤濕熱是0.234J.g-1,氧化后的潤濕熱是0.657J.g-1,表明氧化煤更親水,不利于浮選。選取三種不同類型的表面活性劑,陽離子型(CTAB和DTAC),陰離子型(SDS和SDBS)和非離子型(FM、TWEEN20、TWEEN80、OP-4、OP-13、PEG400DO、ODEA和SPAN80),對屯蘭人工氧化煤泥進(jìn)行浮選試驗(yàn)研究,并利用紅外光譜和潤濕熱進(jìn)行機(jī)理分析。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:陰離子型的SDBS效果最好,當(dāng)SDBS的用量為300g/t時(shí),可燃體回收率提高了14.56%,精煤產(chǎn)率提高了14.61%,精煤灰分9.13%,尾煤灰分31.53%;當(dāng)SDS的用量為300g/t時(shí),可燃體回收率提高了12.99%,精煤灰分9.19%,尾煤灰分26.67%,它們可以提高精煤產(chǎn)率和尾煤灰分,對氧化煤的選擇性好,提升了浮選效率。陽離子型的CTAB和DTAC促進(jìn)作用明顯,僅次于陰離子型。非離子型表面活性劑有促進(jìn)作用,但OP-4的用量為350g/t時(shí),可燃體回收率降低了38.16%,精煤灰分7.67%,尾煤灰分11.23%,對氧化煤的浮選具有抑制作用。SDBS,SDS,CTAB和DTAC吸附于煤泥表面,烷烴鏈增加了煤泥表面的疏水性。非離子型的表面活性劑(FM、SPAN80、ODEA)有乳化作用,促使煤油在溶液中分散成小液滴,增強(qiáng)了煤油的分散性和捕收性,提高了浮選效果。潤濕熱表明三種表面活性劑的促進(jìn)效果為陰離子型陽離子型非離子型。然后在氧化煤泥浮選過程中添加Mg SO_4、FeCl_3和Ca Cl_2,研究無機(jī)陽離子對氧化煤泥浮選的影響。結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)Mg SO_4的用量為500g/t時(shí),可燃體回收率提高了8.37%;當(dāng)Ca Cl_2的用量為250g/t時(shí),可燃體回收率提高了3.89%;當(dāng)FeCl_3的用量為50g/t時(shí),可燃體回收率提高了4.60%。因此,這三種離子的促進(jìn)效果為Mg~(2+)Fe~(3+)Ca~(2+)。添加Mg~(2+)后,潤濕熱降低了0.114 J.g-1;添加Fe~(3+)后潤濕熱降低了0.09 J.g-1;添加Ca~(2+)后潤濕熱降低了0.028 J.g-1,潤濕熱表明這三種無機(jī)陽離子都能降低氧化煤的親水性,且它們對氧化煤疏水性的影響為Mg~(2+)Fe~(3+)Ca~(2+)。最后在氧化煤泥浮選過程中同時(shí)添加無機(jī)陽離子和表面活性劑,研究無機(jī)鹽-表面活性劑對氧化煤泥浮選的共同促進(jìn)作用。結(jié)果表明:在添加Mg SO_4,Ca Cl_2和FeCl_3這三種無機(jī)鹽時(shí),SDBS和SDS這兩種陰離子型表面活性劑的浮選效率降低;PEG400DO,TWEEN80這兩種非離子型表面活性劑有促進(jìn)作用,OP-4對氧化煤的抑制作用更強(qiáng)。紅外光譜顯示,在添加硫酸鎂后,SDBS和SDS兩種藥劑的含氧官能團(tuán)增加,疏水性降低;PEG400DO和TWEEN80兩種藥劑的含氧官能團(tuán)減少,疏水性增強(qiáng);OP-4的含氧官能團(tuán)增多,親水性增強(qiáng)。SDBS和SDS的潤濕熱增大,PEG400DO和TWEEN80的潤濕熱減小,OP-4的潤濕熱增大,與浮選試驗(yàn)一致。
[Abstract]:With the change of mining mechanization strength and coal slime, because oxygen containing groups generate hydrophilic oxide, and water molecules form hydrogen bonds and become more and more difficult to flotation. In recent years, many scholars of the slime flotation agent was studied, found that some surfactants can not only increase the hydrophobicity of the surface of coal slime the collector can produce emulsification, promote collector adsorption surface enhanced slime collector collector collector, so as to improve the flotation efficiency and yield of cleaned coal. Coal slurry flotation of this project is to use hydrogen peroxide oxidation at room temperature in Tunlan coal. The combustible recovery of the flotation test of 13.63% reduction rate the coal slime before and after oxidation, oxidation after hydrophobic variation. The infrared spectra showed that the oxidation of coal in the 3300cm-1~3650cm-1 -OH -COOH wave, the absorption peak area increased significantly; 3010cm-1~3040cm-1 C =C absorption C-H peak and 3000cm-1~3100cm-1 benzene absorption area decreased; oxidized coal slime absorption peak appears at about 1684 cm-1~1724cm-1 C=O. The slime oxidation of the wetting heat is 0.234J.g-1, oxidation after wetting heat is 0.657J.g-1, that the oxidation of coal is more hydrophilic, is not conducive to the flotation. Selecting three different types of surface active agent, cationic (CTAB and DTAC (SDS), anionic and nonionic (SDBS) and FM, TWEEN20, TWEEN80, OP-4, OP-13, PEG400DO, ODEA and SPAN80), experiments were carried out on Flotation of oxidized coal slime and artificial Tunlan, was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and wetting heat. The experimental results show that the best type of anion the effect of SDBS, when the dosage of SDBS was 300g/t, the combustible recovery increased by 14.56%, coal yield increased by 14.61%, 9.13% of coal ash, coal 31.53%; when the dosage of SDS was 300g/t, the combustible recovery increased by 12.99%, coal ash In 9.19%, coal 26.67%, they can improve the yield of clean coal and coal, the selective oxidation of coal, improve the flotation efficiency. Obvious effect of cationic CTAB and anionic DTAC. After the promotion, nonionic surfactants have stimulative effect, but the amount of OP-4 was 350g/t, the combustible the recovery rate is reduced by 38.16%, 7.67% of coal ash, coal 11.23%, coal flotation on the oxidation inhibited.SDBS, SDS, CTAB and DTAC adsorption on coal surface, the hydrophobic alkyl chain increased coal surface. Non ionic surfactant (FM, SPAN80, ODEA) with emulsification, prompting kerosene in solution dispersed into small droplets, enhance the dispersion and collecting of kerosene, improve the flotation effect. The wetting heat showed that three kinds of surfactant effect for anionic cationic nonionic. Then the oxidized coal slime flotation. 紼嬩腑娣誨姞Mg SO_4,FeCl_3鍜孋a Cl_2,鐮旂┒鏃犳満闃崇瀛愬姘у寲鐓ゆ償嫻，

本文編號：1676659