本文選題：浮選　切入點：起泡劑　出處：《太原理工大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在煤炭浮選中，起泡劑的性能不僅影響氣泡的質(zhì)量和數(shù)量，也影響著煤炭顆粒之間的碰撞行為，且能促進泡沫層中粘附在氣泡上的不同疏水性的礦粒分離。目前，選煤廠現(xiàn)場常用的起泡劑有仲辛醇、雜醇、2#油等，這些起泡劑，尤其是天然起泡劑，來源有限，且由于起泡性能差、泡沫穩(wěn)定性差等原因，浮選效果不甚理想。本文通過超聲乳化、化學改性、化學改性與超聲乳化聯(lián)合作用等試驗方法，用溶解度、表面張力、浮選效果等指標進行表征，對實驗室常用起泡劑仲辛醇及現(xiàn)場常用的雜醇類起泡劑進行改性，以提高仲辛醇等起泡劑的利用率和起泡性能。結(jié)果表明，，經(jīng)過超聲乳化后，起泡劑利用率提高，浮選效率提高；經(jīng)化學改性得到的新藥劑也大大提高了浮選效率；且超聲乳化與化學反應協(xié)同作用改性的起泡劑的浮選效率高于超聲乳化、化學反應單獨作用的浮選效率。得到以下結(jié)論： 1、通過對試驗煤樣的工業(yè)分析、XRD分析及粒度組成分析可知，晉城無煙煤樣中含有高嶺土，導致煤粒泥化嚴重，不利于浮選；煤樣中小于0.045mm的極細粒級含量較多，約30%，且灰分很高，為33.72%；經(jīng)浮選得其可燃體回收率為61%，晉城無煙煤為中等可浮性煤。 2、在25kHz的超聲功率下，對所選起泡劑進行乳化處理，得到仲辛醇、A、B三種起泡劑各自的最優(yōu)乳化條件，即仲辛醇：起泡劑與水比例1:5，乳化時間8min，超聲強度為100%，變幅桿長度為8mm；起泡劑A：起泡劑與水比例1:2，乳化時間4min，超聲強度為100%，變幅桿長度為8mm；起泡劑B：起泡劑與水比例1:1，乳化時間4min，超聲強度為100%，變幅桿長度為8mm。對乳化后的起泡劑進行穩(wěn)定性探究，得知：仲辛醇等在合適的條件下均能乳化，但乳化效果不穩(wěn)定；加入穩(wěn)定劑后，各乳液能保持穩(wěn)定。 3、對起泡劑進行酯化、酸化改性試驗，得到結(jié)論如下：用鄰苯二甲酸酐酯化的方法改性仲辛醇得到的起泡劑浮選精煤產(chǎn)率提高了8%，效果較明顯，但起泡劑A、B經(jīng)酯化后浮選性能沒有改變，說明這種改性方法對仲辛醇是有效的；用硫酸酸化改性仲辛醇、A、B浮選的精煤產(chǎn)率分別提高了10%，9%，13%，效果明顯，說明這種改性方法是有效的；用磷酸酸化的方法改性仲辛醇、A、B得到到的對應起泡劑浮選的精煤產(chǎn)率分別提高了5%，6%，7%，效果較明顯，說明這種改性方法是有效的；仲辛醇、A、B的最佳酯化條件是：酯化時間采用5h，催化劑選擇硼酸，溶劑選擇環(huán)己烷，醇與酸酐比例1:1.6，酯化溫度100℃。 4、對起泡劑進行化學改性與超聲乳化聯(lián)合作用改性試驗，得到結(jié)論如下：對仲辛醇、A、B單獨進行超聲乳化或化學改性，均能提高其浮選產(chǎn)率；對仲辛醇、A、B聯(lián)合進行超聲乳化和化學改性，其浮選產(chǎn)率比超聲乳化或化學改性單獨作用效果好。
[Abstract]:In coal flotation, the properties of foaming agents not only affect the quality and quantity of bubbles, but also the collision behavior of coal particles, and can promote the separation of different hydrophobic particles adhered to bubbles in the foam layer. The commonly used foaming agents in coal preparation plants are secondary octanol, hetero alcohol oil, etc. These foaming agents, especially natural foaming agents, have limited sources, and because of poor foaming performance and poor foam stability, The flotation effect is not ideal. In this paper, the solubility, surface tension and flotation effect are characterized by ultrasonic emulsification, chemical modification, chemical modification and phacoemulsification combined with phacoemulsification. In order to improve the efficiency and foaming performance of common foaming agents such as para-octanol in laboratory and hetero alcohol foaming agent in field, the results show that the utilization ratio of foaming agent is increased after phacoemulsification. The flotation efficiency is improved, the flotation efficiency is greatly improved by chemical modification, and the floatation efficiency of the foaming agent modified by phacoemulsification and chemical reaction is higher than that of phacoemulsification. The flotation efficiency of chemical reaction alone. The following conclusions are obtained:. 1. According to the industrial analysis and particle size composition analysis of the coal sample, it can be seen that there is kaolin in the coal sample of Jincheng anthracite, which leads to the serious slime of coal particles, which is not conducive to flotation, and the content of very fine grain in the coal sample is more than that of 0.045mm. About 300.The ash content is very high, 33.72.The combustible recovery rate is 61and the Jincheng anthracite is medium floatable coal by floatation. 2. Under the ultrasonic power of 25kHz, the optimum emulsifying conditions of the three foaming agents were obtained by emulsifying the selected foaming agents. That is, the ratio of foaming agent to water is 1: 5, emulsifying time is 8 minutes, ultrasonic intensity is 100 and the length of horn is 8mm; foaming agent A: the ratio of foaming agent to water is 1: 2, emulsifying time is 4 minutes, ultrasonic intensity is 100 and the length of horn is 8 mm; foaming agent B: foaming agent and water. The ratio is 1: 1, emulsifying time is 4 minutes, ultrasonic intensity is 100, and the length of amplitude lever is 8 mm. the stability of foaming agent after emulsification is studied. The results show that the emulsion can be emulsified under suitable conditions, but the emulsifying effect is not stable, and the emulsion can be kept stable after the addition of stabilizer. 3. The experiments of esterification and acidification of foaming agent were carried out, and the conclusions were as follows: the yield of fine coal flotation by modified secondary octanol by phthalic anhydride was increased by 8%, and the effect was obvious. However, the flotation performance of foaming agent Anb has not changed after esterification, which shows that the modified method is effective for secondary octanol, and the refined coal yield by sulfuric acid acidizing modified para-octanol Anb floatation has been increased by 10% and 13% respectively, which shows that the modified method is effective. The effect of phosphoric acid acidizing method on the yield of purified coal from the floatation of the corresponding foaming agent was increased by 5% and 6% respectively, which shows that the modified method is effective. The optimum esterification conditions are as follows: the esterification time is 5 h, the catalyst is boric acid, the solvent is cyclohexane, the ratio of alcohol to anhydride is 1: 1.6, and the esterification temperature is 100 鈩

本文編號：1662537