本文選題：東部老區(qū)　切入點(diǎn)：三維地震　出處：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：東部老區(qū)目前已全部處于開(kāi)發(fā)勘探階段,由于老區(qū)目前的開(kāi)發(fā)難點(diǎn)是如何提高地震資料縱橫向分辨率,滿(mǎn)足越來(lái)越隱蔽的油氣藏勘探要求,提高注采成功率。為此,近幾年針對(duì)東部老區(qū)開(kāi)發(fā)地震的觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)橫向采樣密度越來(lái)越大,成本越來(lái)越高。但是這些觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)參數(shù)的變化對(duì)該地區(qū)的地震資料信噪比、分辨率以及對(duì)地質(zhì)目標(biāo)的成像有多大作用,并沒(méi)有理論指導(dǎo)和依據(jù)。因此,對(duì)于研究各個(gè)觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)參數(shù)的變化對(duì)于地震資料質(zhì)量以及反映地質(zhì)特征的影響程度大小是非常有必要的,從而可以更加深入的認(rèn)識(shí)和分析如何更有效的設(shè)計(jì)觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)。在觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與優(yōu)化中,部分研究學(xué)者提出了 “退化處理”這一思想展開(kāi)了一定的試驗(yàn)與研究,對(duì)高密度的地震觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)的參數(shù)進(jìn)行退化,將退化數(shù)據(jù)的剖面、地震波振幅、頻率、地震屬性等與原始數(shù)據(jù)相對(duì)比,得到觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)退化所產(chǎn)生的影響,對(duì)更有效的設(shè)計(jì)觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)提供指導(dǎo)。論文首先在詳細(xì)了解研究區(qū)概況與詳細(xì)分析了研究區(qū)地震資料的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行了針對(duì)研究區(qū)地震地質(zhì)特征的觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)參數(shù)論證,根據(jù)理論分析結(jié)果與對(duì)實(shí)際觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)的考察分析,設(shè)計(jì)了均勻減少炮數(shù)、擴(kuò)大炮點(diǎn)距和炮線(xiàn)距、擴(kuò)大道距和檢波線(xiàn)距三種退化方案。對(duì)退化數(shù)據(jù)分別從疊加剖面效果,信噪比、主頻、平均絕對(duì)振幅三種統(tǒng)計(jì)屬性,頻譜分析,斷層識(shí)別以及反演儲(chǔ)層識(shí)別四個(gè)大的方面,通過(guò)量化的方式對(duì)這些參數(shù)的變化對(duì)地震資料的質(zhì)量以及成像的影響進(jìn)行綜合全面的評(píng)價(jià)與總結(jié)。針對(duì)于東部老區(qū)的高信噪比地震資料,通過(guò)對(duì)其原始與退化的三維觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行多種方式的分析評(píng)價(jià),分別在炮退化程度與剖面質(zhì)量變差速率以及研究區(qū)的炮退化臨界數(shù)量,炮點(diǎn)距與炮線(xiàn)距退化的各自特征表現(xiàn)以及敏感性差異,面元變化在剖面信噪比與分辨率方面的影響效果三方面取得了量化評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:At present, all the old areas in the east of China are in the stage of exploitation and exploration. The difficulty in the development of the old areas is how to improve the vertical and horizontal resolution of seismic data, to meet the requirements of more and more subtle exploration for oil and gas reservoirs, and to improve the success rate of injection and production. In recent years, the transverse sampling density and the cost of seismic observation systems developed in the old areas of eastern China are increasing, but the variation of the parameters of these observation systems is of great significance to the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data in this area. There is no theoretical guidance or basis for resolution and how useful the imaging of geological targets is. It is necessary to study the variation of the parameters of various observation systems for the quality of seismic data and the degree of influence to reflect geological characteristics. In the design and optimization of the observation system, some researchers put forward the idea of "degeneracy treatment" and carried out some experiments and studies. The parameters of the high-density seismic observation system are degraded, and the effects of the degradation of the observation system are obtained by comparing the profile of the degraded data, the amplitude of the seismic wave, the frequency, the seismic attribute and so on with the original data. First of all, based on the detailed understanding of the general situation of the study area and the detailed analysis of the seismic data in the study area, the parameters of the observation system for the seismic geological characteristics of the study area are demonstrated. According to the theoretical analysis results and the investigation and analysis of the actual observation system, three degenerative schemes are designed to reduce the number of guns uniformly, to enlarge the shot point distance and the shot line distance, to expand the trace distance and the detection line distance, respectively, for the degradation data from stacking profile effect, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Main frequency, average absolute amplitude, three statistical attributes, spectrum analysis, fault identification and inversion reservoir identification, The effects of these parameters on the quality of seismic data and imaging are evaluated and summarized in a quantitative way. In view of the high signal-to-noise ratio seismic data in the old areas of eastern China, Through the analysis and evaluation of the original and degraded 3D observation system, the critical quantity of gun degradation in the study area is obtained, respectively, in terms of the degradation degree of the gun and the rate of deterioration of the profile quality, as well as the critical quantity of the degradation of the gun in the study area. Quantitative evaluation results have been obtained in three aspects: the characteristics and sensitivity of the degradation of shot distance and shot distance, and the effect of panel variation on the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the profile.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P631.4

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